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REPORT 



GEORGE WASHINGTON I 
MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION 




ORGANIZED TO PROMOTE THE 
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE . . . 



UNIVERSITY OF THE UNITED STATES 



NEW YORK 

JUNE, 1899 



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Officers of the George Washington iVleniorial Association. 

President. 

Mrs. Ellen A. Kichardson, Copley Square, Boston. 

Vice=Presidents. * 

Mrs. Henry R. Mallory, Brooklyn, N. Y. Miss Elizabeth T. King, Baltimore, Md. 

Mrs. Frank Northrop, New York. Mrs. (General) Nelson A. Miles, D. C. 

Mrs. Herbert Augustine Claiborne, Va. Mrs. frank Monroe, New Orleans, La. 

Mrs. Orange J. Salisbury, Utah. 

Trustees. 

Mrs. John K. Goodloe, Ivy. Mrs. Charles J. Bell, IJ. C. 

Mrs. (ex-Gov.) O. Vincent Coffin, Conn. Mrs. David Starr Jordan, California. 

Mrs. (ex-Gov.) John L. Routt, Colorado. Mrs. Leslie C.Wead,Brookline, Massachusetts. 

Corresponding Secretary. Recording Secretary. 

Mrs. George B. Bigelow, Mrs. Susanna Phelps Gage, New York. 

Hotel Oxford, Boston, Mass. 

National Treasurer. 

Mr. Charles J. Bell, Washington, D. C. 

Auditors. 

Mrs. C. M. Ffoulke, Washington, D. C. Mrs. J. Hubley Ashton, Washing:on, D. C. 

Advisory Council. 

Dr. .John Clark Ridpath, Historian, Boston. 

Dr. David Starr Jordan, President Leland Stanford Jr. Uiiiversity. 

Col H. H. Adams, Director ot Civic Study for American Institute of Civics. 

Mrs. Phebe A. Hearst, Regent of California University. 

Mrs. Calvin S. Brice, Trustee of the Western College, Ohio. 

Press Representatives. 

Uen. George A. Harries, Washington, D. C. G. E. Gilliland, 2035 H St., Washington, D. C. 

Specialty Departments. 

College Work, Miss Alice Carter, Pennsylvania. 

Seminaries. Private Schools, and Public Schools, 

Normal and High Schools. Miss Anna Schryver, Michigan, 

Belles Lettres, Miss Gertrude Chamberlin, Massachusetts. 

Comparative Politics, Mrs. T. St. John GafTney, New York. 

The Young People's Auxiliary, 

The Children's Auxiliary, Mrs. J. Theodore Odell, New York. 

Chairmen of State Executive Committees. 

Mrs. Calvin S. Brice, Ohio. Mrs. William Reed, Maryland. 

Mrs. William T. Carter, Pennsylvania. * Mrs. Helen E. Moody, South Dakota. 

Mrs. H. H. Adams, Connecticut. Mrs. Hope S. Chamberlain. North Carolina. 

Mrs. W. A. Roebling, New Jersey. Mrs Harvey Ingerson, Iowa. 

Mrs. Clara R. Anthony, Massachusetts. Mrs. Calvin Cobb, Idaho. 

Mrs. I. S. Boyd, Georgia. Mrs. L. D. M. Sweat, Maine. 

Mrs. Joseph E. Willard, Virginia. Mrs. M. K. McNeil, South Carolina. 

Miss Charlotte F. Dailey, Rhode Island. Mrs. A. M. Fosdick, Alabama. 

Mrs. C. E. Allen, Utah. Mrs. Mary T. Gray, Kansas. 

Mrs. Ahce B. Castleman, Louisville, Kentucky. 
[Continued on Page 4.] 



PURPOSE OF THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEflORlAL 
ASSOCIATION. 

The object of this Association is first of all to promote a patri- 
otic interest in the bequest made by President Washington, for the 
establishment of a National or Central University for the higher 
learning, a post-graduate university, that shall complete the Ameri- 
can system of public education and furnish facilities for highest 
investigation and the diffusion of knowledge. And in the second 
place especially to raise in small contributions a fund for the erec- 
tion of an "Administration Building" for said University, the corner 
stone of which shall be laid on or near the one hundredth anniver- 
sary of his bequest in this behalf. — Article II, Constitution. 

The Ideal. 

We wish to honor the appeal of Washington and Jefferson, and 
of the long line of statesmen and scholars who both before and after 
them, have written and spoken and worked for the completion of 
the educational plan of the country. We wish to renew and 
strengthen the ideal of a free people, made free by the most perfect 
enlightenment which opportunity can give to each and every citizen. 

Plans. 

To do this we lay our plan before the people of the United 
States, and ask consideration for it, and that small subscriptions be 
given to help bring the ideal, founded on a national need, to its 
realization. 

We ask for a University for advanced work, not a duplicate of 
advantages already offered in the colleges and universities scattered 
over the land, not another college for undergraduate instruction. 

The Administration Building. 

We work for an Administration Building, a visible thing, an ad- 
ministrative home for a university not yet chartered, because we 
have faith that the need when once understood and asked for by 
the people, will not be denied by Congress, elected by the people. 

If by the time we have a fund for our purpose, the University 
of the United States shall not be chartered on a broad and liberal 
basis, we shall present to Congress our purpose, our lists of workers 
and ask that the site which Washington set aside a hundred years 
ago for such a university, shall now be rededicated to its original 
purpose. We shall ask that a Commission of Statesmen and 
Scholars be chosen to draft a bill for the foundation of the Univer- 
sity of the United States, the best bill that present wisdom and ex- 
perience can devise. 



\ -^ University Relations. 

We shall ask that the Government, as representing the people,^ 
the only agency adequate for so large a work, shall offer the facilities 
of its Departments at Washington for the determination of the more 
difficult problems of science; that plans of co-operation be arranged 
with graduate departments of existing universities adding to their 
facilities and increasing their investigating force ; that thus the 
work of investigation scattered throughout the country may be at 
once unified in its purpose and broadened and deepened in its ex- 
tent. Such a union of forces would relieve the central administra- 
tive part of the university from the burden of training investigators, 
would bring the University of the United States into vital relation 
with the people in the States, would open Government departments 
to those thoroughly equipped to take up special problems, would 
make the Administrative Buildmg a vital part of the whole. 

Precedents. 

Precedent for such request we have in the Government Bureaus 
for scientific investigation, and in the Morrill Bill, which, in 1862, in 
the midst of civil war, gave to the States grants for colleges of Agri- 
culture and the Mechanic Arts, and in the Hatch and Morrill Bills 
of 1887 and 1890, which established Experiment Stations and in- 
creased the grants to the Agricultural Colleges. That is, in certain 
fields, the National Government has fostered both higher education 
and research, to the incalculable advantage of all parts of the United 
States, and increased the opportunity in the higher fields of investi- 
gation. 

Fellowsliip. 

By our voluntary contribution we shall open the way for gifts 
from societies and individuals for the establishment of fellowships in 
the University or its branches. Already several such endowments 
are planned by national societies, which gladly unite when the work 
will benefit the whole country. 

Success. 

With success in our first and smaller purpose of gathering a fund 
for an Administration Building we have a widespread interest, so 
that every dollar will represent many petitioners for the fulfillment of 
the plan of a University of the United States. No Congress can 
fail to grant the request of millions of petitioners, backed by the 
precedent of Government and the long-delayed desire of statesmen 
and educators. 

The Ideal. 

In working for an Administration Building we bring before the 
people an ideal; Let us hold to that ideal. It is an ideal into which 
every generous endowment for fellowships for research will fit. 

It is with all these things in mind that we have been able to 
formulate an expression of what we feel to be the purpose of our 
work. 



Membership, 

To become a member of this association, application may be 
made to the chairman of the congressional district in which you 
live, who will, upon such application and the recommendation of 
one responsible person known to her, endorse the name of the 
applicant and forward it to Mrs. George B. Bigelov. Corresponding 
Secretary, room D, Hotel Oxford, Boston. When such name has 
been pissed upon by the Trustees, applicants are to be notified of 
their election, and upon their payment of the fee ($5.00) the 
applicant will receive a Certificate of Membership. 

All memberships taken out before November 1st, 1898, will 
be Charter Memberships, and entitled to charter members' 
certificates. 

A club, society or school may become charter members. 

Gentlemen are eligible to membership. 

Subscriptions. 

Any person subscribing to the Memorial Building Fund the 
sum of ($5.00) or more will receive a subscriber's certificate from 
the district treasurer, the coupon from which will be filed in the 
building when erected, as a record of the gift and giver. Any 
person subscribing a sum less than five dollars will be given a 
receipt, the coupon of which will be filed in the building. 

Fac=Simile of Washington's Bequest. 

The George Washington Memorial Association has prepared 
fac-simile copies of the bequest of Washington on plain and 
parchment paper, in size corresponding to subscribers' certificates, 
which may be framed with the certificate in a mat arranged to 
contain both. This fac-simile and mat may be obtained through 
the State Treasurer by the District Treasurers, and will cost 
twenty-five cents each. 

Badge. 

The design for a badge, bearing the insignia of the Associa- 
tion, has been prepared, and all persons entitled to wear this badge 
will be furnished with proper order and directions for procuring the 
same. 

Chairmen of State Executive Committees. 

[continued.] 

Mrs. John M. Cochrane, North Dakota. Mrs. Thomas J. Groce, Texas. 

Mrs. F. A. Trittle, Arizona. Mrs. Arthur Lee, West Virginia. 

M:rs. Sara D. Hamlin, California, Mrs: Mary C. Prince, Kew Mexico. 

Mrs. George L. Scott, Colorado. Miss T. W. Stubbs, Nevada. 

Mrs. Elizabeth Clark Churchman, Delaware. Mrs. William E. Ware (acting ch.), Missouri. 

Mrs. Mary K. Duke, Florida. Mrs. J. M. White, Montana. 

Mrs. James M. Foster, Louisiana. Mrs. L. Vi. Robbins, Michigan. 

Mrs. William Beard, Tennessee. Mrs. J. M. Kellar. Arkansas. 



v 



\9^ 



ORGANIZED to commemofate the oniversity 
idea proposed by the Father of his Country, 
and to raise a fond for the erection of the Ad- 
ministration Btjildingf of the University of the 
United States, when it shall be established. 



OFFICERS. 

PRESIDENT, 

ELLEN A. RICHARDSON, New York, N. Y. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS, 

Mrs. Henry R. Mallory, Brooklyn, N, Y. 
Miss Elizabeth T. King, Maryland. 

Mrs. Herbert A. Claiborne, Virginia. 

Mrs. Frank Northrop, New York. 

Mrs. (Gen'lj Nelson A. Miles, D. C. 

Mrs. Orange J. Salisbury, Utah. 

Mrs. Frank Monroe, Louisiana. 
trustees, 

Mrs. (Ex-Gov.) John L. Routt, Colorado. 
Mrs. John K. Goodloe, Kentucky. 

Mrs. (Ex. -Gov.) C. Vincent Coffin, Connecticut. 
Mrs. Chas. J. Bell, D. C. 

Mrs. David Starr Jordan, California. 

Mrs. Leslie C. Wead, Massachusetts. 

advisory council, 

Dr. John Clark Ridpath, Historian, Boston, Mass. 

i Dr. David Starr Jordan, Pres. Leland Stanford, Jr., Univ't'y. 

Col. H. H. Adams, Director of Civic Study in American Schools 
for American Institute of Civics. 

Mrs. Phebe A. Hearst, Regent of California Univ't'y. 
Mrs. Calvin S. Brice, Trustee of 

"The Western" College, Oxford, Ohio. 

NATIONAL treasurer, 

Mr. Chas. J. Bell, Washingten, D. C. 

TREASURER BOARD OF TRUSTEES, 

Mrs. Frank Northrop, New York, N. Y. 

SECRETARIES, 

Recording : Mrs. S. P. Gage, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Corresponding : Mrs. Geo. B. Btgelow, Boston, Mass. 

bgcreiary of Board of Trustees : Mrs. Leslie C. Wead, Brookline, Mass. 

AUDITORS, 

Mrs. C. M. Ffoulke, Washington, D. C, 
Mrs. J. Hubley Ashton, Washington, D. C. 



CHAIRMEN OF STANDING COMMITTEES. 

Executive: Mrs. Calvin S. Bkice. 

Finance: Mrs. Frank Northrop. 

Ways and Means: Mrs. Henry R. Mallory. 
Publishing and Printing : 

University Relations : Miss Elizabeth T. King. 
Membership : Mrs. John L. Routt. 

Legislation : Mrs. Calvin S. Brice. 



CHAIRMEN OF STATE COMMITTEES. 



Ohio. — Mrs. Calvin S. Brice. 

Pennsylvania. — I\Irs. Wm. T. Carter. 

Connecticut. — Mrs. H. H. Adams. 

New Jersey. — Mrs. W. A, Roebling. 

Georgia. — Mrs. I. S. Boyd. 

Virginia. — Mrs. C. W. Coleman. 

Rhode Island. — Miss Charlotte F. 
Dailey. 

Utah.— Mrs. C. E. Allen. 

Maryland, — Mrs. William Reed. 

South Dakota. — Mrs. Helen E. Moody. 

N. Carolina. — Mrs. Hope S. Chamber- 
lain. 

Iowa. — Mrs. Harvey Ingerson. 

Idaho. — Mrs. Calvin Cobb. 

Maine— Mrs. L. D. M. Sweat. 

South Carolina.— Mrs. M. K. McNeil. 

Loaisville, Ky. — Mrs. J. V. Cowling. 

Arkansas. — Mrs. J. M. Kellar. 

Ari?ona. — Mrs. F. A. Trittle. 



California. — Miss Sara D. Hamlin. 
Colorado. — Mrs. Geo. L. Scott. 
Delaware. — M rs. Elizabeth Clarke 

Churchman. 
Florida. — Mrs. Mary K. Duke. 
Louisiana. — Mrs. James M. Foster. 
Tennessee,— Mrs. Wm. Beard. 
Minnesota. — Mrs. Ansel Oppenheim. 
D. C. — Mrs. Nelson A. Miles. 
Montana. — Mrs. J. M. White. 
West Virginia. — Mrs. Arthur Lee. 
New Mexico, — Mrs. Mary C. Prince. 
Nevada.— Miss T. W. Stubbs. 
Missouri. — Mrs. Wm. E. Ware. 
Montana.— Mrs. J. M. White. 
Michigan.— Mrs. L. B. Robbins. 
New York. — Mrs. Henry R. Mallory. 
Illinois.— Mrs. L. Brace Shattuck. 
"Wisconsin. — Mrs. Angus Cameron. 



CHAIRMEN OF SPECIALTIES. 



Miss Gertrude Chamberlain, Mrs. J. Theo. Odell, 

Belles Lettres. Children' s Auxiliary. 

Mrs. I. St. John Gaffney, Mrs. Donald McLean, Educational. 
Cotnparative Politics. 



PRESIDENTS ADDRESS. 

In presenting this report your President desires to give a brief sum- 
mary of the work accompHshed by the Association from the issuance of 
the call, to the patriotic women of America, sent out in August, 1897, 
which brought together in the city of Washington, D. C, in December 
of that year, a body of representative women from all parts of the 
Union. 

The result of their conference was the formation of a voluntary or- 
ganization designed to promote the establishment of the University of 
the United States, with the specific purpose of raising a fund of $250,000 
for the erection of a building which shall be the Administration building 
of the University when it shall be established, and shall be known as 
the George Washington Memorial, in honor of our first President, who 
gave evidence of his desire for the establishment of such an institution of 
learning by his bequest. 

The first meeting of the Board of Trustees which was elected to carry 
on the affairs of the Association was held March 30, 1898, at the Hotel 
Marlborough, in the city of New York, at which time the business office 
of the Association was established in the city of Boston. 

The regular semi-annual meeting of the Board of Trustees was held 
June 8, 9 and 10, 1898, at Cambridge Springs, Pa. At this time the de- 
signs for the seal, insignia and certificate of membership in the Associa- 
tion were adopted. Several interesting programmes of patriotic music, 
recitations and addresses were given in connection with the business 
meetings. 

A charter was obtained under the laws of the District of Columbia 
on September 14, 1898, and on the 15th the incorporated Association 
was formed by the election of the officers and trustees of the voluntary 
organization and its enrolled membership. 

On October 21, 1898, the Board of Trustees held a meeting at the 
Hotel Majestic, in the city of New York. It was preceded by a reception 
tendered to your President, which was largely attended, and brought into 
the Association many new members. The most important business trans- 
acted at this meeting was the extension of time for charter membership 
to December 14, 1899, at noon. The programme was made for the an- 
nual meeting, which was held in December following at the Arlington 
Hotel in the city of Washington, D. C. The arrangements for this meet- 
ing were placed in the hands of an able committee of Washington ladies, 
whose efforts did much towards making the meeting successful. The 
mornings were devoted to the general business of the Association; the 
afternoons to committee meetings and visits to points of interest in and 
about the city, and the evenings to special programmes, with music and 
addresses. 

Your President would make special mention of her visits during 
the summer, to Utah, Colorado, Illinois, Nebraska and South Dakota, 
addressing audiences and assisting in the organization of State work. In 
Denver the work was ably seconded by Mrs. Calvin S. Brice, the delegate 
appointed by the Association to represent it at the biennial convention 
of the General Federation of Women's Clubs. 

Again, at Omaha, our cause was presented by your President, ful- 
filling her appointment as delegate at the meeting of the National Council 
of Women; and also- visiting on her return Washington, D. C, and Ken- 
tucky, assisting the work in both places. 



With a backward glance we see that in 1897 we had only the thought 
of the bequest and a dedication to service in the cause of higher educa- 
tion. Now we have national organization, State and departmental or- 
ganization, headquarters estalblished in New York city; we are qualified 
to receive bequests and to transact the business of a corporate body. We 
have also membership and subscription certificates, parchment fac-similes 
of the will of Washington, the insignia and seal of the Association, ex- 
planatory literature for distribution, a large membership roll, con- 
ditional endowments and an increasing treasury. 

I have thus recalled the visible parts of the record which we have 
made. While we rejoice that we are working with many other organiza- 
tions for a common object, the establishing of the University of the 
United States, ours is an independent responsibility. 

Your President, thanking all for the spirit which has characterized 
the work, calls upon the members of the George Washington Memorial 
Association — upon the Board of Trustees, and all the officers — to bear in 
mind that the remaining months of this centennial year must be months 
of marked effort to fill our treasury, to enlarge our membership, to in- 
crease everywhere among the people knowledge of the movement to 
establish a University of the United States under the fostering care of the 
General Government ; and so aid in carrying out George Washington's 
purpose, that by a wise use of the wealth of opportunity furnished by the 
great collection of libraries, museums and institutions of scientific re- 
search already existing at our National Capital, to secure for our beloved 
land her own place among the nations in the educational world. 

ELLEN A. RICHARDSON, 

President. 

REPORT OF RECORDING SECRETARY. 

The George Washington Memorial Association held its annual meet- 
ing in Washington, D. C., December 14 to 16, 1898. Representatives 
from all parts of the country were present. States not represented by the 
State Chairmen in person were represented by chosen delegates residing 
in Washington by virtue of their husbands' official position in Congress. 

The meetings proved to be both interesting and helpful. The re- 
ports from officers and committees were given at the business sessions. 
These reports were encouraging when it is remembered that the inter- 
ests in the homes of the country have been divided and diverted during 
the year by work in the War and Relief Associations. 

The reports made by the Recording Secretary and the two Treas- 
urers gave proof of steady growth in membership and of an increase of 
funds in the two treasuries of the Association. 

The programmes for the evening meetings were in charge of Chair- 
men of Departments Mrs. T. St. John Gaffney, who represents the work 
for a Chair of Comparative Politics, and Miss Elizabeth T. King, Chair- 
man of Committee on University Relations. 

These evening programmes were made enjoyable, not only by the 
addresses provided by those in charge and others who assisted them, but 
by the fine musical selections contributed by Washington artists. Much 
credit for this array of musical talent is due Miss Aileen Bell, Who 
rendered great assistance to the Committee on Music, of which Mrs. 
Henry R. Mallory was chairman. 

It was learned from the report of the National Treasurer, Mr. Chas. 
J. Bell, who has charge of the Subscription Fund for the George Wash- 



ington Memorial Building, that the receipts to December i amounted 
to $6,919.21. 

As the reading of State reports progressed, it was found that the 
methods of work pursued in the several States varied somewhat, although 
the similarity of purpose unified and guided all alike. Of the States most 
completely organized perhaps alphabetical mention may be made as fol- 
lows: Connecticut, District of Columbia, Louisiana, Massachusetts, New 
York, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah and Vir- 
ginia. Other States are doing valuable work through special avenues 
in anticipation of regular organization. 

SPECIAL AND STANDING COMMITTEES. 

The Charter Committee made a report on the incorporation of the 
Association, which took place on September 14, 1898, under the laws of 
the District of Columbia. 

The Committee on Seal made its report on the adoption of a seal 
wihich should consist of the insignia of the Association, surrounded by 
a double ring bearing the name of the Association. 

The Committee on Charter Membership Certificates reported that 
parchment certificates were now ready for the inscription of names of 
charter members and the date of election into the Association. 

The Committee on Subscription Certificates reported that 4,200 cer- 
tificates of subscription to the Building Fund had. been placed in the hands 
of State chairmen, ready for use. 

We would like to call attention in this report to the beautiful cer- 
tificates, and suggest that each strive to possess one by subscribing the 
sum of $5 or more toward the Building Fund. 

The Committee on Legislation made a report on amendments to 
the bill for a National University then in the hands of a Senate com- 
mittee. 

The Committee on University Relations made a brief report as to 
the study given to the subject in their charge, the results of which were 
brought out in the addresses on the evening programme devoted to 
University Relations. 

The Printing Committee report shows that from the beginning of the 
work in furtherance of its purpose many thousand documents, viz., "Con- 
stitution and By-Laws," "Purpose and Instruction Leaflets," have been 
printed and distributed. 

DEPARTMENTS. 

The departments at work for endowments of special chairs, viz., that 
of Belles-Lettres and of Comparative Politics, made encouraging reports. 

During the past year the Committee on Education was organized 
to take charge of the work of enlisting the schools, colleges and semi- 
naries of the country. 

If all could be told concerning the development in the many rami- 
fications of the work of the George Washington Memorial Association, 
the people at large would realize how valuable and far-reaching has been 
that already accomplished. It is difficult for one not in the centre of the 
work to understand its full scope, its impediments, its importance and its 
successes. Respectfully submitted, 

SUSANNA PHELPS GAGE, 

Secretary. 



REPORT OF TREASURER.^ 
Receipts : 

Membership fees $6,355.60 

Annual dues 10.00 

Permanent fund 8,404.48 

$14,770-08 

Expenditures: 

Current expenses , . . . . 2,641.13 

Permanent fund (deposited with 

Mr. Chas. J. Bell) 8,404.48 

11,045.61 

Balance $3,724.47 

Respectfully submitted, 

'MRS. FRANK NORTHROP, 
Treasurer. 

INSTRUCTIONS FROM FINANCE COMMITTEE* 

In order that the work of the George Washington Memorial Associa- 
tion may be made most effective, the Finance Committee recommends 
the creation by eac'h State of a fund for the payment of all expenses in- 
curred in the State work, such as postage, express, telegrams, official 
letter paper, subscribers' certificates, etc. 

BUILDING FUND. 

There shall be set apart a fund exclusively for the building, to be 
known as the Building fund. Subscribers to this fund are entitled to one 
of two kinds of receipts. The engraved subscription certificate with 
coupon, issued for $5 or more, or a subscription receipt with stub, for any 
amount less than $5. 

CONTINGENT FUND. 

There shall be a fund Which shall be used for the current expenses 
of the Association, known as the contingent fund, arising from mem- 
bership fees and annual dues. 

ANNUAL DUES. 
The annual dues of the members of the Association shall be two dol- 
lars, and must be paid by the 15th day of November in each year to en- 
title the member to a vote in the Association. 

TREASURERS. 

The Treasurer of the Board of Trustees shall keep a record of all 
receipts and expenses of the Association, and shall report annually, semi- 
annually or on demand of the Board. 

Each State Treasurer shall receive and receipt for all money col- 
lected in the State for the National Association, and shall transmit the 
same before the 31st of each month, directly to the Treasurer of the Board 
of Trustees, in separate checks, using the following form: 

FORM. 

'Building Fund, $ one check. 

Charter Membership $ ) ^^ ^^^^^ 

Annual Dues, etc., $ ) 

7 



And transmit to the Recording Secretary of the Association, Mrs. 
Susanna Phelps Gage, Ithaca, N. Y., a list of the members' names whose 
fees or dues are represented in the check sent to the Treasurer of the 
Board of Trustees, and at the same time shall send to the Auditor of the 
Association, Mrs. Chas. M. Ffoulke, 2013 Massachusetts avenue, Wash- 
ington, D. C, the coupons and stubs representing the money sent by 
check to the Treasurer, for the Building Fund. 

RECORDING SECRETARY OF THE ASSOCIATION. 

The Recording Secretary of the Association shall report to the Treas- 
urer of the Board of Trustees the number of names, by States, sent to her 
each month by State Treasurers. 

AUDITORS OF ASSOCIATION. 

The Auditor shall report to Treasurer of the Board of Trustees each 
month the amount of money credited to each State, represented by the 
coupons and stubs. 

SUBSCRIBERS' CERTIFICATES AND RECEIPTS. 

Subscribers' certificates with coupons may be had by State Chairmen 
at $2 per hundred, by applying to the office of the Association, Room 61, 
Astor Court Building, 18 West Thirty-fourth street, New York city, N. Y. 
Subscription receipts with stubs may be obtained at 50 cents per hun- 
dred at the same ofhce. 

FISCAL YEAR. 
The fiscal year ends December ist. 

SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. 
A group of individuals, a circle, club or society subscribing ^5 or 
more for the Building Fund will receive one certificate only, and the 
coupon shall contain the name of the circle, club or society subscribing. 

A circle, club or society may become a charter member of the As- 
sociation, by taking out a charter membership certificate, fee $5, in the 
name of the circle, club or society, and electing a delegate to represent 
the same in the Association, 

APPLICATION BLANKS. 
Application for membership should be made on the following blank 
form, which when filled in by the applicant with the name as it is to be 
inscribed in the certificate should be sent to the State Chairman, who 
shall forward it to the Corresponding Secretary of the Association, Mrs. 
Geo. B. Bigelow, Hotel Oxford, Boston, Mass., to be by her presented 
to the Board of Trustees for election. 

FORM OF APPLICATION. 

1899. 

M of No 

Street, City of , State of , 

hereby makes application for membership in the George Washington 
Memorial Association. 

Maiden Name, Endorsed by 



Name as it is to be inscribed 
in certificate. 



Election 

Please be prompt, explicit and legible in handwriting as regards ad- 
dresses, which must be given in full. 



All names and addresses should correspond on all the various rec- 
ords of the Board of Trustees and in the fund (depository) when on file in 
the building. Care taken at every step will reduce the labors of your 
officers and insure correct record, which will be a satisfaction now and to 
history. 

Per order of the Committee on Finance. 

Mrs. Frank Northrop, Chairman. 

Mrs. Calvin S. Brice, 

Mrs. Jno. L. Routt, 

Mrs. Herbert A. Claibourne, 

Mrs. Breckinridge Castleman, 

Mrs. Ellen A. Richardson, 

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEAlSTS. 

As may be seen from the previous reports in these pages, much has 
been done in a general way in distribution of literature. Two circulars 
have been issued by this committee, containing suggestions in regard to 
means for raising money, and recommendations for ways of furthering 
the work. 

We must remind all Chairmen of the approaching anniversary of 
Washington's death, and that this December 14, 1899, is a significant year 
in the development of our work, and is the time when the privilege 
of charter membership closes. It is therefore necessary to enlarge 
our list as rapidly as possible, asking each member to secure other char- 
ter members. Could we increase this list to several thousands, a large part 
of our work would be accomplished, as all surplus over and above neces- 
sary expenses will go toward the Building Fund. Ways for the promo- 
tion of our work 'have already been noted in previous circulars, and we 
would repeat that these suggestions still hold good, namely, that meetings 
be held, lecturers engaged or social entertainments planned by which the 
interest in our cause be kept growing and money raised for the fund. 

The office has been established at Room 61, Astor Court Building, 
18 West Thirty-fourth street. New York, and literature may be obtained 
therefrom. A list has been arranged, showing what is sent free by the 
Association and what may be obtained by the payment of a nominal price. 
Coin cards, mite boxes and envelopes for collections may also be obtained 
from the office. 

Pottery decorated with historic designs is now ready for sale and may 
be obtained through the chairman of this committee. It consists of 
placques in delft blue, the designs being Mt. Vernon and Washington's 
headquarters; a loving cup with heads of George and Martha Washing- 
ton, and the Washington coat-of-arms, to be sold at such prices as will 
yield a profit of 50 per cent, to the Association. Price list follows : 
PRICE LIST FOR POTTERY. 

Loving cups $4.00 

Placques 2.50 

Mugs 3.00 

This china is protected by copyright, so that our Association becomes 
the exclusive owners, and only through us can it be purchased. 

As the Association is now incorporated under the laws of the Dis- 
trict of Columbia with a large membership and strong State organization, 
we feel that the time has come to ask for larger gifts. 

One warm friend of the cause has inaugurated a special form of gift 

9 



which we call a guarantee subscription list towards the Building Fund, by 
subscribing one thousand dollars, provided at least one hundred thousand 
is raised by December 14, 1899. Three other gifts of one thousand dollars 
have been subscribed under the same condition, and we now ask through 
these columns for responses to this appeal on the same basis. 

It is only by making the Committee of Ways and Means, to which this 
definite work has been assigned, a Committee of the Whole in the broadest 
sense that this large amount of money can be raised. Will not each chair- 
man and member of our Association feel an individual responsibility for a 
certain proportion, asking for gifts of thousands, hundreds and fifties, tens 
and fives, keeping this matter constantly in mind and remembering that this 
is the memorial year? Attention is being called, and thoughts are turn- 
ing backward one hundred years, to the end of that noble life whose last 
thoug'ht was of the education of the American citizen. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Mrs. Henry R. Mallory. 

Chairman. 

(Copyright by The Forum, January, 1897.) 
THE URGENT NEED OF A NATIONAL UNIVERSITY. 

The most important event in the history of modern Germany has 
been the foundation of the University of Berlin. The unification of the 
German empire was a matter of tremendous significance; the success 
of the German armies has widened the sphere of Teutonic influence; 
the recently adopted uniform code of laws marks the progress of national 
development; but more important as an epoch-making event has been the 
building of a great centre of human wisdom in Germany's chief capital. 
The influence of the University of Berlin not only shows itself in Ger- 
many's pre-eminence in scientific investigation and the wide diffusion of 
liberal culture, but is felt in every branch of industrial effort. There is 
no trade or handiwork in Germany that has not been made more ef- 
fective by the practical application of investigations made in the great 
University. There is no line of effort in which men have not become 
wiser through the influence of the noble minds brought together to form 
this institution. 

Nor is the influence of this university and its noble sister institutions 
confined solely or even mainly within the boundaries of Germany. The 
great revival of learning in the United States, which has shown itself 
in the growth of universities, in the rise of the spirit of investigation, and 
in the realization of the value of truth, can be traced in large degree to 
Germanic influence. These influences have not come to us through 
German immigration, or the presence of German scholars among us, 
but through the experience of American scholars in Germany. If it be 
true, as Mr. James Bryce says, that "of all institutions in America" 
the universities "have the best promise for the future," we have Germany 
to thank for this. It is, however, no abstract Germany that we may 
thank, but a concrete fact. It is the existence in Germany of universities, 
strong, effective and free; and most notable among these is the youngest 
of their number, the University of Berlin. 

This century has seen some epoch-making events in the history of 
our Republic. The war of Union, the aboHtion of slavery — one and 
the same in essence — mark the same movement of the Republic from 
medisevalism to civilization. But the great deed of the century still re- 
mains undone. Ever since the time of Washington our law-givers have 

10 



contemplated building a university at the nation's capital. They have 
planned a university that shall be national and American, as the Uni- 
versities of Berlin and Leipzig- are national and German; a university 
that shall be the culmination of our pubhc-school system, and that by 
its vivifying influence shall quicken the pulse of every part of that sys- 
tem. For more than a century, wise men have kept this project in mind. 
For more than a century wise men have seen the pressing need of its 
accomplishment. For more than a century, however, the exigencies of 
pohtics or the indifference of political managers have caused postpone- 
ment of its final consideration. 

Meanwhile, about the national capital, by the very necessities of the 
case, the basal material of a great university has been already gathered. 
The National Museum and the Army Medical Museum far exceed all 
other similar collections in America in the amount and value of the ma- 
terial gathered for investigation. The Library of Congress is our greatest 
public library; and, in the nature of things, it will always remain so. 
The Geological Survey, the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the biological 
divisions of the Department of Agriculture are constantly., engaged in 
investigations of the highest order, conducted by men of university 
training, and possible to no other men. The United States Fish Commis- 
sion is the source of a vast part of our knowledge of the sea and of sea 
life. Besides these there are many other bureaus and divisions in which 
scientific inquiry constitutes the daily routine. The work of these de- 
partments should be made useful, not only in its conclusions, but 
in its methods. A university consists of investigators teaching. All that 
the national capital needs to make a great university of it is that a body 
of real scholars should be maintained to train other men in the work now 
so worthily carried on. To do this would be to bring to America, in 
large degree, all that American scholars now seek in the University of 
Berlin. Students will come wherever opportunities for investigations are 
given. No standards of work can be made too high; for the severest 
standards attract rather than repel men who are worth educating. 

It should not be necessary to bring arguments to show the need of 
a National University in the United States. A university, we may re- 
member, is not a school for boys and girls, where the elements of a lib- 
eral education are taught to those who have yet to enter upon the serious 
work of life. A university is not a school maintained for the glory or the 
extension of any denominational body. In its very definition a univer- 
sity must be above and beyond all sectarianism. Truth is as broad as the 
universe; and no one can search for it between any artificial boundaries. 
As well ask for Presbyterian sunshine or a Baptist June as to speak 
of a denominational university. 

It is said that in America we have already some four hundred col- 
leges and universities, and that, therefore, we do not need any more. 
Quite true; we need no more like these. The splendid achievement and 
noble promise of our universities, to which Mr. Bryce calls attention, is 
not due to their number. Many of them do not show this promise. 
If such were to close their doors to-morrow, education would be the 
gainer by it. Many of the four hundred, as we well know, are not uni- 
versities in fact or in spirit. Most of the work done in the best of them 
is that of the German gymnasium or preparatory school. The worst 
of them would in Germany be closed by the police. But in a certain 
number of the strongest and freest the genuine university spirit is found 
in the highest degree. For more of these good ones there is a crying 



demand. Their very promise is a reason why we should do everything 
possible to make them better, A school can rise to be a university only 
when its teachers are university men; when they are men trained to 
face directly and effectively the problems of nature and of life. To g^ve 
such training is the work of the university. In an educational system 
each grade looks to the one next higher for help and inspiration. The 
place at the head of our system is now held by the universities of a for- 
eign land. 

It is not the needs of the District of Columbia which are to be met 
by a University of the United States. The local needs are well supplied 
already. It is the need of the nation. And not of the nation alone, but 
of the world. A great university in America would be a school for the 
study of civic freedom. A great university at the capital of the Republic 
would attract the free-minded of all the earth. It would draw men of all 
lands to the study of democracy. It would tend to make the workings 
of democracy worthy of respectful study. The New World has its lessons 
as well as the Old; and its material for teaching these lessons should 
be made equally adequate. Mould and ruin are not necessary to a 
university; nor are traditions and precedents essential to its effective- 
ness. The greatest of Europe's universities is one of her very young- 
est. Much of the greatness of the University of Berlin is due to her 
escape from the dead hands of the past. It is in this release that the 
great promise of the American university lies. Oxford and Cambridge 
are still choked by the dust of their own traditions. Because this is so, 
men have doubted whether England has to-day any universities at all. 

The National University should not be an institution of general edu- 
cation, with its rules and regulations, college classes, good-fellowship, 
and football team. It should be the place for the training of investi- 
gators and of men of action. It should admit no student who is under 
age or who has not a definite purpose to accomplish. It has no time or 
strength to spend in laying the foundations for education. Its function 
lies not in the conduct of examinations, or the granting of academic 
degrees. It is not essential that it should give professional training of 
any kind, though that would be desirable. It should have the same re- 
lation to Harvard and Columbia and Johns Hopkins that Berlin Uni- 
versity now holds. It should fill, with noble adequacy, the place which 
the graduate departments of our real universities partially occupy. In 
doing so it would furnish a stimulus which would strengthen all similar 
work throughout the land. 

Graduate work has yet to be taken seriously by American univer- 
sities. Their teachers have carried on original research, if at all, in 
hours stolen from their daily tasks of plodding and prodding. The grad- 
uate student has been allowed to shift for himself; and he has been en- 
couraged to select a university not for the training it offers, but because 
of some bonus in the form of scholarships. The "free lunch" induce- 
ment to investigation will never build up a university. Fellowships can 
never take the place of men or books or apparatus in developing the 
university spirit. Great Hbraries and adequate facilities for work are 
costly; and no American institution has yet gathered together such es- 
sentials for university work as already exist at Washington. 

If a National University is a national need, it is the duty of the 
people to meet and satisfy it. No other power can do it. As well ask 
wealthy manufacturers or wealthy churches to endow and support our 
supreme court of law as to endow and support our supreme university. 



They cannot do it; they will not do it; and, as free men, we would 
not have them do it if they would. As to this, Mr. John W. Hoyt — 
a man who for years has nobly led in the effort to establish a National 
University — uses these strong words : 

"What should the nation undertake to accomplish? What the citizen 
has not done and cannot do, is our answer. The citizen may create a 
very worthy and quite important private institution, some of which may 
be named to-day, but no citizen, however great his fortune, and no single 
Commonwealth, much less any sectarian organization or any combination 
of these, can create an institution that shall be so wholly free from bias 
of any and every sort; that shall complete our public educational sys- 
tem ; that shall exert so nationalizing and harmonizing an influence upon 
all portions of our great country; that shall be always ready to meet the 
demands of the Government for service in whatsoever field, and that 
shall at the same time secure to the United States an acknowledged as- 
cendency in the ever-widening field of intellectual activity." 

A university bears the stamp of its origin. Whatever its origin, 
the university ennobles it. But a National University must spring from 
the people. It must be paid for by them; and it must have its final 
justification in the upbuilding of the nation. Whatever institutions the 
people need, the people must create and control. That this can be 
done wisely is no matter of theory. With all their mistakes and crudities, 
the State universities of this country constitute the most hopeful feature 
in our whole educational system. Doubtless the weakness and folly of 
the people have affected them injuriously from time to time. This is not 
the point. We must think of the effect they have had in curing the 
people of weakness and folly. "The history of Iowa," says Dr. Angell, 
"is the history of her State university." The same thing is grandly and 
emphatically true of Dr. Angell's own State of Michigan. In its degree 
the history of every State is moulded by its highest institution of learning. 

As I have had occasion to say once before: 

"Many trials are made in popular government; many blunders are 
committed before any given piece of work falls into the hands of com- 
petent men. But mistakes are a source of education. Sooner or later the 
right man will be found and the right management of a public institution 
will justify itself. What is well done can never be Wholly undone. In 
the long run, few institutions are less subject to partisan influence than a 
State university. When the foul grip of the spoilsman is once unloosed, 
it can never be restored. In the evil days which befell the politics of 
Virginia, when the fair name of the State was traded upon by spoilsmen 
of every party, of every degree, the one thing in the State never touched 
by them was the honor of the University of Virginia. And amid all the 
scandal and disorder which followed our civil war, what finger of evil 
has been laid on the Smithsonian Institution or the Military Academy at 
West Point? On that which is intended for no venal end, the people 
will tolerate no venal domination. In due time the management of every 
public institution will be abreast of the highest popular opinion. Sooner 
or later the wise man leads ; for his ability to lead is at once the test and 
proof of his wisdom." 

Some of the half-hearted friends of the National University have 
been fearful lest partisan influence should control it. They fear lest it 
should become a prey to the evils which have disgraced our Civil Service; 
lest the shadow of the boss should darken the doors of the University 

13 



with the paralyzing influence which it has exerted on the employees of 
the Custom House. I believe this to be a groundless fear. All plans for 
a National University provide for a non-partisan board of control. Its 
ex-ofhcio members are to be chosen from the ablest jurists and wisest 
men of science the country can claim. Such a board now controls the 
National Museum and the Smithsonian Institution; and no accusation of 
partisanship or favoritism has ever been brought against it. 

A university could not be otherwise than free. Its faculty could 
respond only to the noblest influences. No man could receive an ap- 
pointment of national prominence, in the face of glaring unfitness; and 
each man chosen to a position in a national faculty would feel the honor 
of his profession at stake in repelhng all degrading influences. Even 
if occasionally an unwise appointment should be made, the action would 
correct itself. To a university, men and women go for individual help 
and training. A pretender in a university could not give such help. His 
presence is soon detected by his fellows and by his students. The latter 
he could not harm, for he could not retain them. By the side of his 
fellows he could not maintain himself. No body of men is so insusceptible 
to coercion or contamination as a university faculty. A scholar is a free 
man. He has always been so. He will always remain so. The danger, 
that a body of men such as constitute the university faculty of Harvard 
or Yale or Columbia or Princeton or Chicago or Cornell would be con- 
taminated by Washington politics, is sheer nonsense. Such an idea has 
no basis in experience. It is urged only for lack of better arguments. 
Such opposition to the National University as has yet appeared seems 
to rest on distrust of democracy itself or on concealed hatred of secular 
education. To one or the other of these influences can be traced nearly 
every assault yet made on any part of the system of popular education. 

The fear that the University would be contaminated by political as- 
sociations is therefore groundless. But what about the hope from such 
associations? An educated politician may become a statesman, and we 
may look for tremendous results for good from the presence of trained 
economists and historians and jurists at the National capital. It would 
in itself be an influence for good legislation and good administration 
greater than any that we know. As President Cleveland said at Princeton 
University on the occasion of its sesquicentennial celebration; 

"The worth of educated men in purifying and steadying popular sen- 
timent would be more useful if it were less spasmodic and occasional. 
* * * Our people readily listen to those who exhibit a real fellow- 
ship and friendly and habitual interest in all that concerns the common 
welfare. Such a condition of intimacy would not only improve the gen- 
eral political atmosphere, but would vastly increase the influence of our 
universities in their efforts to prevent popular delusions or correct them 
before they reach an acute or dangerous stage." 

The scholars and investigators now maintained at Washington exert 
an influence far beyond that of their official position. If the Harvard 
faculty and its graduate students met on the Capitol hill, if their in- 
fluence were in the departmental work, and their presence in social life, 
Washington would become a changed city. To the force of high training 
and academic self-devotion is to be traced the immense influence exerted 
in Washington by Joseph Henry, Spencer F. Baird and Brown Goode. 
Of such men as these are universities made. When such men are sys- 
tematically selected for our body of university professors and brought to 

1-1 



Washington and allowed to surround themselves with like men of the 
next generation, we shall indeed have a national capital. By this means 
we shall create the best guarantee of the perpetuity of our Republic; that 
it shall not, like the republics of old, "go down in unreason, anarchy and 
blood." In the long run, the voters of a nation must be led by its wisest 
men. Their wisdom must become the wisdom of the many, else the na- 
tion will perish. A university is simply a contrivance for making wisdom 
effective by surrounding wise men with the conditions most favorable for 
rendering wisdom contagious. There is no instrument of political, social 
or administrative reform to be compared with the influence of a National 
University. David Starr Jordan. 

(Copyright by Harper & Bros., March, 1898.) 

Reprinted by permission. 

OUR NATIONAL SEMINARY OF LEARNING. 

'T have greatly wished to see a plan adopted by which the arts, 
sciences and belles-lettres could be taught in their fullest extent, thereby 
embracing all the advantages of European tuition with the means of ac- 
quiring the liberal knowledge which is necessary to qualify our citizens 
for the exigencies of public as well as private life, and (which with me is 
a consideration of great miagnitude) by assembling the youth from the 
different parts of this rising Republic, contributing from their intercourse 
an interchange of information to the removal of prejudices which might 
sometimes arise from local circumstances." 

So wrote George Washington in 1795; and he justified faith by works 
in bequeathing stocks to the value of $25,000 as a personal contribution 
toward his ideal "seminary of learning," and later in officially reserving 
a tract of nineteen acres (long known as "University Square") as a site 
for the institution. Succeeding Presidents, John Adams, Thomas Jeffer- 
son, James Madison and James Monroe, as well as others in later years, 
shared Washington's convictions, and urged upon Congress the de- 
sirability and expediency of founding a national university, and it would 
appear that nothing but inertia stood in the way of the realization of the 
dream of the Presidents. Then came the era of territorial expansion, 
when the energies of the nation were spent in extending settlement, in 
acquiring new lands, and in spanning the continent with the brilliant 
mosaic of commonwealths stretching from Atlafitic to Pacific; and with 
this vigorous activity in State-making the idea of State rights grew and 
spread, even to the extent of obstructing national progress in certain di- 
rections — and one of these was that looking toward a Federal institution 
of learning. Of late territorial conquest is checked, because the kernel 
of the continent has been taken ; with the decline of activity in externals, 
internal and intellectual affairs are coming to the fore, and now ex- 
Governor Hoyt, Dr. Andrew D. White, President Jordan, President Dab- 
ney and others of the salt of the earth are again urging execution of the 
long-delayed plan of the nation's founders for a national university. 

Such, in brief, is a century's exoteric history of the movement toward 
a national institution of learning — a history running the gamut from 
enthusiastic support almost to the point of consummation, through in- 
ertia, indifference, doubt, antagonism, apathy, revived appreciation and 
renewed support. Meantime there was an undercurrent of progress in 
the direction indicated by Washington — a current so profound as scarce 
to ripple the surface, yet so powerful as to produce most of the results 

IS 



anticipated. The full significance, even the bare fact, of this unheralded 
and unwritten progress is hardly recognized, yet it is a prominent feature 
in the esoteric history of the nation. We have a great national "seminary 
of learning." Albeit without name or proper domicile, without charter or 
definite organization, there is to-day in the national capital a Federal in- 
stitution of knowledge more efficient and more useful, occupying a 
higher and broader plane than any other educational institution in ex- 
istence. It is maintained at a cost equivalent to an endowment exceed- 
ing a hundred million dollars ; its faculty and fellows, many of them men 
of international repute, reach into thousands; and its influence is felt in 
every organized university, college, academy and normal school of the 
land. 

The unforeseen, spontaneous and only half-recognized growth of 
this great national seminary of useful knowledge is worthy of careful at- 
tention, partly because of the extent and importance of the institution, 
chiefly because its development expresses a tendency of civilization tran- 
scending the designs of even the wisest statesmen. 

President Jefferson perceived the need of surveys along the coast to 
guide the location of roadsteads and harbors, and thus to aid budding 
commerce; and he adopted Hassler, a Swiss engineer, and intrusted him 
with the execution of the surveys. For a time there was a disposition 
to draw on the technical schools of Europe for expert surveyors, draughts- 
men and engravers, but it was soon found easier to train young Ameri- 
cans than to retrain middle-aged Europeans in the special directions de- 
manded by the exigencies of the work; and thenceforward the Coast 
Survey became a technical training school, first for hydrographic sur- 
veying, then for topographic surveying, and later for geodetic sur- 
veying. At the outset the "complete art and mystery" was inculcated 
in the growing bureau, but as time passed it was found advantageous 
to choiose new men from among the graduates of colleges and universi- 
ties. Two consequences foUov^ed: the cost of educating the sur- 
veyors was divided between the teaching institution and the working 
institution; at the same time the demand for definite and practical col- 
legiate training was recognized by students and faculties, and the teach- 
ing was modified to meet it. Thereby an indefinite relation grew up 
between the Survey and the organized institutions of learning, to the 
benefit of both. Again, men of high position in educational institutions 
were sometimes called to occupy places in the Survey, while trained 
surveyors and geodesists were occasionally called to' professorial chairs, 
and in this way the indefinite relation was made more intimate. The 
Survey grew with the decades, gradually rising above reproach of Euro- 
pean rivals; its operations extended from the mid-coast bays along the 
entire Atlantic border, and thence to the Gulf and to the Pacific, and 
relations were established with new colleges and universities, until many 
of the scientific corps divided their allegiance between Survey work and 
professorial duty. To-day the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey 
is, as always, a Federal bureau maintained solely for practical survey 
work designed to meet the industrial and commercial demands of a great 
nation; yet it is incidentally one of the finest training schools in the 
world for advanced students in geodesy and certain branches of sur- 
veying, within which ambitious graduates seek post-graduate courses, 
while wise regencies gladly draw on its corps of experts for the strength- 
ening of their faculties. 

i6 



An episode in 1812 led to popular demand for an enlarged navy, 
and the study of navigation received new impetus. One of the results 
was the acquisition of astronomical instruments and materials which were 
finally gathered into a national observatory, naval in name and plan, 
though partly civilian personnel. Here the history of the Coast Sur- 
vey was repeated, and the excellent work (such as the discovery of the 
Martian satellites by Asaph Hall) received recognition throughout the 
world, and aided in placing this country in the front rank among the 
nations engaged in astronomical researches. A collateral result of the 
impetus in navigation was the inauguration of an American ephemeris, 
or natuical almanac. At first the requisite computations were based on 
certain values for the "elements of the solar system" derived from early 
observations and reductions which were known to be imperfect, and were 
accepted by civilized nations only because the labor of reinvestigating 
and finally establishing the orbits, volumes and weights of the planets 
and principal satellites was so great that all Europe shrank from it; but 
about i860 the American astronomer, Simon Newcomb, addressed him- 
self to the task, almost single-handed, in the Nautical Almanac Office 
of the United States. The work extended over decades, during which 
co-operative relations between the Federal bureau and the leading uni- 
versities of the land arose and became intimate. The results are volum- 
inous and technical, and may not easily be summarized; it suffices to say 
that the sun and the eight principal planets, together with the moon and 
some of the asteroids, have been literally weighed and measured and 
their paths surveyed. With the accomplishment of this herculean task 
the "elements" were corrected so that ephemerides can be prepared for 
decades or centuries, instead of months or years only as in the mid- 
century ; and to-day the shipping of the world is guided by the determina- 
tions of the Washington office, while the astronomers of domestic and 
foreign universities frequent the office to gain inspiration and knowledge 
for the benefit of their home institutions. 

One of President Jefferson's plans for the development and enrich- 
ment of the country was reconnoissance of the mysterious "Great West," 
and a part of the energy of the military was expended in exploring ex- 
peditions. This precedent was followed by other Presidents; and when 
steam was harnessed a series of explorations and surveys, ostensibly anc 
partly for railways to the Pacific, was inaugurated. In time the explora- 
tions were refined into surveys, at first geographic, and later geologic; 
and in the centennial year there were four important surveys (two mili- 
tary and two under the Interior Department) at work in the Cordilleran 
region. Three years later these were consolidated and transferred 
wholly to the civilian department, and the field was extended to cover 
the entire country. This Geological Survey has progressed apace; its 
products are topographic maps, geologic atlases, and descriptive or phil- 
osophic treatises on the geology and mineral resources of the coun- 
try. The heads of the four original surveys, Wheeler, King, Hayden 
and Powell, sought as collaborators trained graduates from leading 
American and foreign institutions of learning, and also trained to the 
work experts of their own selection; and this policy was maintained by 
Powell during the fifteen years of his directorship in the Geological Sur- 
vey. In this way the bureau became a training school for topographic 
surveyors and geologic experts. To-day a hundred topographers and 
half as many geologists, mostly picked men from the graduating classes 

17 



of leading American universities and colleges, are on the Survey rolls, 
and students of surveying and geology look forward eagerly to temporary 
or permanent connection with the Survey, even as volunteers. The re- 
cent impetus in geologic and engineering study, and indeed in university 
activity, must be ascribed partly tO' the professional demand created by 
this bureau, while a dozen universities include in their faculties experts 
trained in the Survey. Yet the bureau is not maintained as a school by 
the Federal government, primarily or purposely; it is so endowed and 
conducted as best to promote public interests through development of 
natural resources, and the educational function is purely incidental. The 
results of the work, both material and intellectual, are important. It is 
recognized throughout the world that the United States Geological Sur- 
vey is the most extensive and productive in existence, and different for- 
eign countries are modelling their surveys after the American plan; 
and the enrichment of the country through the researches of the bureau 
is beyond estimate. The scientific investigations have revolutionized 
geology; the recognition of the "base-level of erosion" by Powell led 
to the development of an essentially new science — geomorphy, or the 
new geology — ^whereby earth-history may be read from land forms as well 
as from rock formations; the origin of rocks and minerals has been 
traced more fully than elsewhere; the marvellous record of the ice ages 
has been interpreted to the edification of domestic and foreign students; 
and in many ways the Survey and its indefinitely yet really affiliated uni- 
versities have so enlarged knowledge that to-day America leads the world 
in the science of geology. 

One of the most remarkable testaments ever recorded was that of 
James Smithson, an eccentric Briton of noble blood, who bequeathed a 
fortune for establishing in the United States an institution designed for 
"the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.'' In 1846 this 
bequest was rendered available, and the Smithsonian Institution was 
created. Under the far-seeing policy proposed by the first secretary, 
Joseph Henry, and adopted by the ablest regency of the times, the insti- 
tution assumed the duty of promoting research and publishing the results. 
One of the earliest lines of research related to those branches of physics 
connected with electricity and magnetism, and telegraphy was developed 
and perfected largely in the institution ; then, under Henry's liberal policy, 
the results were turned over to the public tO' become a new art and in- 
dustry. Another line of research related to meteorology and the climate 
of the country; this was pursued actively until its national importance 
was recognized, when the work was surrendered to the Federal govern- 
ment, and grew into the United States Weather Bureau, the largest in- 
stitution of its kind. A third line of investigation related to fishes and 
fisheries, and this was carried forward with great energy and acumen 
by Assistant Secretary (afterward Secretary) Spencer F. Baird. At first 
the work was purely scientific, but when it was perceived by students and 
statesmen alike that the investigations afforded a means of conquest over 
the waters for human weal through establishing new food sources, this 
line of work also was turned over to the general government, and it 
has expanded into the present United States Fish Commission, the most 
extensive in the world. When geologic explorations and surveys were 
checked in the troublous years 1861-5, the institution unostentatiously 
encouraged geologic researches and saw to the preservation of geologic 
material; and when peace dawned the carefully protected germ blossomed 

18 



into the four Federal surveys of the seventies, to bear fruit in the pres- 
ent Geological Survey. Soon after its creation the institution began 
amassing a scientific library for the use of collaborators and the public; 
the collection of books soon became general, and proved especially use- 
ful to national legislators gathering annually in the capital, whereupon 
this line of work was in turn transferred to the government, and from 
this germ has grown the invaluable library of Congress and the 
great National Library, whose gilded dome adorns the finest library 
building the world has thus far seen. With the collection of books 
Henry began the collection of objects illustrating natural history 
and human progress; this work was actively continued by Baird, 
and afterwards by G. Brown Goode, who gave his life to its 
successful prosecution; it has matured in the inadequately housed 
though admirably equipped National Museum, which was long since 
surrendered to the State, and has become an important Federal bureau. 
A dozen years ago the naturalists of the museum found it necessary some- 
times to obtain and preserve living animals; the small collection soon 
attracted public interest, and gradually developed into a National Zoolog- 
ical Park, already turned over to the public as the joint property of the 
Federal government and the Federal district. Under an inspiration 
originating with Albert Gallatin and continued by Lewis H. Morgan, 
the institution began ethnologic researches among the American In- 
dians soon after its creation. When one of the four Federal surveys of 
the seventies (the Powell survey) took up the study of the native races, 
the accumulated material was donated to the Federal organization; and 
when the surveys were consolidated the ethnologic work was transferred 
to a Bureau of American Ethnology created for the purpose; and this 
bureau, which has since been maintained under Federal auspices, has 
classified the Indians of the continent and organized a new science — 
demology, or the science of humanity. During recent years the third 
secretary, Samuel P. Langley, has built up an astrophysical laboratory, 
which has already assumed such proportions as to be of public impor- 
tance, and is now devoted to public use, and supported largely by public 
funds. Thus the unique institution endowed by Smithson is a nidus of 
knowledge, a nursery of scientific bureaus; and half of these bureaus 
now maintained by the Federal government have originated within it, 
while all have benefited by its aid and encouragement. At the same time 
the institution has served as a scientific clearing-house, in which the drafts 
of discovery are scanned and the coin of conclusion tested, that the valid 
may be stamped and the spurious branded; and in the last half-century 
no advance in science of the first importance has been made in America 
without the indorsement and aid of the Smithsonian at some stage. 
Throughout its career the Smithsonian Institution, like the Federal 
bureaus, has sustained an indefinite yet most fruitful relation with the 
educational institutions of this and other countries, and the ambitious 
graduate esteems the honor of connection with it above the parchment 
from his alma mater, while progressive presidents and regents miss no 
chance of securing Smithsonian experts for their faculties. 

The example of the Smithsonian has not been lost on sagacious 
statesmen, and the youngest department of the Federal government has 
been made a nursery of applied science, as is the Smithsonian of pure 
science; nominally a Department of Agriculture, it is really a department 
of national knowledge concerning natural resources. One of its branches 

T9 



is the now invaluable Weather Bureau ; another is the Bureau of Animal 
Industry, which has stood well to the fore in teaching the nations of the 
earth the! lesson of the germ as a cause and cure of disease; a third is 
the Biological Survey, which has already become a model for other coun- 
tries; there is a division of Entomology, which has taught protection 
against the ravages of insects, and thereby reduced the cost of food ; and 
there are divisions of Botany, Forestry, Agrostology, Vegetal Physiology, 
Pomology and Chemistry, ofHces of fibre investigation and road inquiry, 
and a museum; in addition there are fifty or more agricultural experi- 
ment stations distributed over the country in such wise as to maintain 
contact with all parts of the body politic. The lines of work in the de- 
partment are too numerous for summary statement, the methods too 
many-sided for following by fewer than a score of specialists; yet there 
is one feature in which the method is simple, and accordant with that of 
the other bureaus: the various divisions, offices and bureaus co-operate, 
directly or indirectly, with the universities and technical schools in all 
parts of the country. 

This sketch of the organized institutions, though incomplete, indi- 
cates the unpremeditated liberality of the nation as a patron of practical 
learning, and suggests the notable results achieved. It is particularly in- 
complete as regards the many military institutions; but these are essen- 
tially distinct from the civilian organizations — the military idea is exclu- 
sive and intensive; the civilian idea is inclusive and evolutionary. 

The workings of the unorganized Federal institution constituting 
the national seminary are especially significant, partly because unforeseen 
by the founders of the nation, ill-recognized even by the statesmen of the 
present, yet a sign of the times during each year or decade. 

The internal workings are simple. Each bureau chief is charged 
with certain official duties, and credited with certain funds to be applied 
in their performance; and within certain limitations (partly fixed by the 
civil service law) he strives to secure the performance of the duties in 
the best practicable manner and at the lowest practicable cost. To this 
end he either employs or trains experts, whose knowledge and skill in- 
crease by exercise; so each office becomes a hive of busy workers, each 
the best available specialist in his line, and all controlled by a single plan 
and united 'by common interest. The incentive to individual effort is 
strong; research is always new and attractive; the applications of knowl- 
edge are constantly extending, so that the shackles of routine are ever 
rent; with each new discovery new conditions arise, and the most capable 
men move forward; with each expansion of the service new blood is in- 
troduced, so that capacity and opportunity combine in a cumulative prog- 
ress in which every effort bears fruit. Withal there is in each office such 
diversity of function as practically to prevent "envy, hatred, and malice," 
while the canker of inactivity is not. The several hives are combined in a 
great colony, in which the motives are alike, while the methods are suffi- 
ciently diversified to conduce toward harmony. This harmony is ex- 
pressed, and at the same time constantly promoted, by various unofficial 
associations and other instrumentalities maintained by the workers them- 
selves : There are in Washington seven scientific societies, loosely united 
under a Joint Commission, besides several other learned bodies, whose 
principal founders and chief supporters represent the score or more of 
bureaus of learning constituting the national seminary; two of the so- 
cieties publish periodicals (the American Anthropologist and the National 



20 



Geographic Magazine), which are the leading exponents of their sciences 
in America, and several others issue journals of international circulation. 
In addition there is a unique club — the Cosmos Club — composed chiefly 
of scientific, literary, and artistic representatives of the Federal insti- 
tutions of practical learning, where the savants of the world are wel- 
comed; here Herbert Spencer, Helmholtz, and other makers of the in- 
tellectual world have broken bread and joined in the daily feasts of rea- 
son to which the Cosmos Club man is wont. By means of the bond of 
official interest, and the still stronger bond of scientific interest, the col- 
laborators of the Federal bureaus of research are united in a scientific 
circle vdiich is commonly regarded as the broadest and strongest in the 
country, if not in the world. Through official necessity and unofficial as- 
sociation a strong didactic element is introduced in the scientific bureaus. 
Commonly the chiefs are among the foremost living specialists in their re- 
spective lines, and one of their main functions is the instruction of col- 
laborators by precept and example, while the principal collaborators in 
turn are necessarily employed partly in the inculcation of principles and 
the exposition of methods among their assistants. It is this didactic 
element which renders the Federal position so attractive to progressive 
students, and leads them to compete for volunteer connections, or places 
yielding no more salary than a scholarship or fellowship in a university; 
and it is largely through this competition that the ranks of workers in 
the scientific hives are kept filled. This training-school system is seldom 
reckoned by statesmen, rarely foreseen in its fullness even by the bureau 
chiefs; it is simply the product of experience and eflfort to' accomplish 
the best expert work at the least cost; yet it is a power in shaping Fed- 
eral progress. The laboratory work of the offices is combined with the 
class work of the unofficial societies, in which the more active chiefs, col- 
laborators, and assistants announce their results, describe their methods, 
and, in brief, formulate and expound the knowledge gained in the na- 
tional seminary of learning. During each season, from November to 
May, several hundred technical lectures, equal in learning and superior 
in freshness to those of the best universities, and as many popular ad- 
dresses prepared by men of ability, are delivered; and by so many of 
these as he is able to attend, each Federal expert profits. Of formal 
tuition there is none; even the lectures and addresses are free to mem- 
bers of the societies, and commonly to all ; and the liberal leaven spring- 
ing from this emancipation of intelligence has spread until the learned 
circle of the national capital has risen above that secretiveness, exclusive- 
ness, Pharisaism, and other manifestations of intellectual penury by which 
budding science was degraded. Here the fountains of knowledge gush 
and brim over, and whoso will may drink freely; a score of masters, a 
hundred high-grade instructors, and a thousand fellows in science are 
constantly at work in the "National Seminary of Learning"; every branch 
of useful knowledge is cultivated ; the arts are indirectly promoted, to the 
extent that the capital has become an artistic centre ; literature is fostered, 
always as a means, sometimes as an end, and here several of our notable 
writers^ike John Burroughs, Lester F. Ward, "Mark Twain," John Hay, 
Qif¥ord Howard, John G. Nicolay, Frances Hoderson Burnett, and others 
— have gained inspiration and training. Yet the strength of the school 
lies especially in science. In this intellectual vineyard, more than in any 
other, the modern cult of knowledge — ^the cheering faith in conquest of 
lower nature for the sfood of mankind — has rooted and borne fruit. 



The more complex external relations are suggested by the internal 
relations. The primary relations are with the universities and technical 
schools, and are of three types. In the first type, ambitious pupils in the 
educational institutions aspire to post-graduate positions in the great Fed- 
eral institution, and shape their studies to this end. "Their name is 
legion," and they come to fill, at nominal salaries, the nameless fellowships 
in the national seminary. In the second type, experts for the Federal 
service are chosen among university professors, who, in the interests 
of expediency, thenceforward divide their time between official labor and 
professorial duty. This arrangement is prevalent. Within the last five 
years the Geological Survey alone has maintained relations of this type 
with Harvard, Yale, Cornell, Columbia, Johns Hopkins, and Chicago uni- 
versities, as well as with the Sta;te universities of West Virginia, North 
Carolina, Alabama, Ohio, Michigan, and Wisconsin; the similar rela- 
tions of the Coast and Geodetic Survey are almost equally extensive, and 
those of the various bureaus in the Agricultural Department are still 
more extensive, so that there is hardly a high-grade educational institu- 
tion in the United States whose faculty does not include one or more 
Federal officials. This arrangement has been criticised in the halls of 
Congress and in the public press; yet it persists and constantly increases, 
simply because it meets a need of the times, and inures to the benefit 
both of the 'bureaus and the universities. In the third type of relation 
the post-graduate masters in the national seminary are called to fill 
educational positions for which they have been qualified by their Federal 
service. This also is prevalent, as shown by recent examples. Thomas 
C. ChamberHn went from the Geological Survey to the presidency of 
the University of Wisconsin, Mark W. Harrington from the Weather 
Bureau to the head of the State University of Washington, and T. C. 
Mendenhall from the Coast and Geodetic Survey to the presidency of the 
Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Joseph P. Iddings and R. D. Salisbury 
passed from the Geological Survey and William H. Holmes from the 
Bureau of American Ethnology to accept professorships in Chicago 
University; Israel C. Russell left the Geological Survey to succeed Alex- 
ander Winchell as Professor of Geology in the University of Michigan; 
Robert S. Woodward, Tarleton H. Bean, and J. L. Wortman have been 
called from Federal positions at Washington to professorial positions in 
Columbia University; and these examples might be doubled or even 
quadrupled. The influence of the seminary is not confined to the civilian 
bureaus, but extends to the army and navy, and even to the halls of 
Congress, the Cabinet and the Supreme Bench; quite recently two high 
Federal officers affiliated with the scientific circle have been called to head 
universities — Hon. William L. Wilson, ex-Postmaster-General, becomes 
president of Washington and Lee, and Hon. Charles W. Dabney, Assis- 
tant Secretary of Agriculture, has been chosen president of Vanderbilt. 
Thus in certain features — and these are signs of the times — ^the nameless 
national institution dominates the local institutions of learning; it is the 
keystone of the structure in which they are pillars. 

There are secondary relations between the national centre of knowl- 
edge and many industrial and other institutions. The Federal service is 
essentially practical and open to all, so that the work reflects national 
character and training. The Federal experts are of the people, with whom 
they associate constantly, and, under the liberal policy pursued in the 



capital, freely convey information through conversation and correspond- 
ence, and sometimes through the ephemeral press and formal discourse; 
again, advanced workers in the Federal colony are frequently tempted by 
the richer emolument of unofhcial position, and leave the capital to shape 
activity in mining, manufacturing, engineering, and other enterprises. In 
these ways the centre is kept in touch with all parts of the ibody politic, 
and the influence of constantly growing knowledge is diffused widely. 

The appropriations for the maintenance of the scientific bureaus for 
the current year aggregate in round numbers $8,000,000, and the em- 
ployees (of whom a considerable majority are scientific experts) exceed 
five thousand; this is exclusive of the Smithsonian Institution proper, the 
Patent Office — originally created as a scientific bureau — and the Corps of 
Engineers. While most of the offices and officers are in the capital, local 
branches and stations are distributed throughout the country. Most of 
the bureaus are inadequately housed, largely in rented quarters, for as 
their growth has exceeded anticipation, so it has outrun provision for 
public buildings; yet from time to time suitable domiciles are erected. 
The various bureaus have never been united administratively, and most 
of them are now organized separately under four departments (Navy, 
Treasury, Interior, and Agricultural), and the Smithsonian Institution — 
the Fish Commission and the Bureau of Labor remaining independent of, 
the executive departments. Plans have been suggested for segregating 
them in a single department, or perhaps under a regency something like 
that of the Smithsonian, but these plans are far from mature. The 
present dean of the scientific corps, as president of the Joint Commission 
and as patron and promoter of knowledge, is Hon. Gardiner G. Hub- 
bard, a regent of the Smithsonian Institution; the Nestor is Major J. W. 
Powell, the explorer of Colorado Canyon and maker of the Geological 
Survey and the Bureau of American Ethnology, a bureau chief since 
1868; yet these and other leaders shape progress only through force of 
character and example, for of general organization there is none. 

So it is not too' much to say that President Washington's bright 
dream of national education is largely realized — that there is a National 
Seminary of Learning in the national capital in which the arts, belles- 
lettres, and especially the sciences, are "taught in their fullest extent, 
thereby embracing all the advantages of European tuition, with the means 
of acquiring the liberal knowledge which is necessary to qualify our citi- 
zens for the exigencies of public as well as private life." It is a nameless 
and structureless university, standing on a higher plane than any local 
school, howsoever exalted in aim and work. Its patrons are the founders 
and builders of the nation; its chancellors, past and present, are such 
masters as Henry, Baird, Powell, Newcomb, and Langley, whose fame is, 
broad as civilization; its regency is the Federal Executive, Legislative, 
and Judicative combined; its faculty includes nearly all American cre- 
ators of knowledge; its fellows are a thousand picked post-graduates; 
and its preparatory school comprises the organized universities and col- 
leges, of half a hundred commonwealths. It co-ordinates our educational 
institutions, from university to public school; and, more than all else, 
it establishes the true raison d'etre of education by determining, through 
direct application to human welfare, what knowledge is best. The final 
step of organizing this great university is a duty of the early future. 

W. J. McGee. 



LITERATURE ON WASHINGTON AND NATIONAL 
UNIVERSITY. 

Jared Sparks: Life and Writings of Washington; Vol. 1, p. 569; Vol. 2, p. 1, 3, 14, 
20, 22, 23; Vol. 12, p. 71, 322. 

W. C. Ford: Writings of George Washington; Vol. 13, p. 37, 49, 342; Vol. 14, p. 276. 

Washington Irving: Life of Washington, Appendix. - 

P. L. Ford: The True George Washington. 

Samuel Blodget: Economia, 1806. 

Old South Leaflets, Boston, Nos. 16, 76, and prize essay of 1889 by Caroline C. 
Stecker. In No. 76 the letters and will of Washington in relation to a National 
University can be had in the cheapest form. 

John W. Hoyt; Memorial in regard to a National University. Senate Miscella- 
neous Documents, Nos. 222, 1892, p. 123. This is the most complete history of 
the idea of a national university. 

Senate Report, No. 433, May 24, 1894. Mr. Hunton, from the committee to establish 
a University of the United States. Speeches on the above by Hon. Eppa Hun- 
ton of Virginia, and Hon. Wm. F. Vilas of Wisconsin, Dec. 13, 1894. 

Senate Reiport, No. 429, March 10, 1896, submitted by Mr. Kyle, from the Committee 
to establish a University of the United States. 

Senate Document, No. 29, Dec. 21, 1896. Communication from David Starr Jordan, 
President of the Lelajid Stanford, Junior, University, transmitting the substance 
of his argument before the Comimittete to establish a University of the United 
States, Dec. 17, 1896. This also appears in The Forum, Vol. 22, p. 670; Jan., 1897. 

H. B. Adams: Washington's Plan for a National University, Johns Hopkins Uni- 
versity Studies, Vol. 3, 1885, p. 93. 

Chas. Kendall Adams: Washington and the Higher Education, Ithaca, N. T., 1888, 
p. 27. 

A. D. White: The Forum, The Next American University, Vol. 5, 1888, p. 371; A 
University at Washington, Vol. 6, 1888-89, p. 622; Need of Another University, 
Vol. 6, p. 465. 

R. H. Thurston: Technical Education in the United States, Transactions of the 
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 14. For extra copies address 
12 West Thirty-First Street, New York City. 

C. F. Thwing: A National University, International Review, Vol. 13, p. 527. 

G. Brown Goode: George Washington's Plan for a National University, Lend a 
Hand, Vol. 7, p. 394. 

Charles W. Dabney, Jr.: A National Department of Science, Science, Jan. 15, 
1897. 

John W. Hoyt: Of the National University proposed by George Washington. The 
Arena, March, 1897. 

Articles in Science, Jan. 5, June 4, 1897. 

Mary Proctor: A National University, School Journal, Oct., 1897. 

Articles in the Proceedings of the National Educational Association, by J. W. 
Hoyt, 1870 and 1871; A. D. Wiiite, 1874; W. T. Harris, 1874. 

Articles in Education, A. D. Mayo, Vol. 5, 1885, p. 331; W. A. Mowry, Vol. 10, 1889-90, 
p. 73; E. P. Powell, Vol. 17, 1897, p. 282. 

LITERATURE SENT FREE UPON APPLICATION. 

Report of work. 

Article from the Outlook, by Mrs. Susanna Phelps Giage. 

Senate documents. 

Papers for organization. 

Leaflet on Ways and Means. 

Address given at a meeting of the George Washington Memorial Association, Dec. 

15, 1898, by Mrs. E. T. Kinr'and Mrs. S. P. Gage. « /___ 

National University and the George Washington Memorial by Margaret J. M. Sweat. O d^ 

Address delivered before the Biennial of General Federation of Woman's Clubs, at Den- 
ver, Col., June, '98, by Mrs. Calvin S. Brice. 

Coin cards. 

Mite boxes. 

Collection envelopes. 

For Sale — Fac Simile of Washington's Will, per copy, 10 cents. 

Further information may be had by application to headquarters. Room 61, 

Astor Court Building, New York City, N. Y. 



^ ^ 



24 



CHARTER AND CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION. 

District of Columbia, to wit: I, Howard S. Reeside, a Notary Public in and 
for the District of Columbia, do hereby certify that the parties to the annexed 
Certificate of Incorporation bearing date on the fourteenth of Beptember, eighteen 
hundred ninety-eight, personally appeared before me in the District aforesaid, 
the said 

ELLEN A. RICHARDSON, Boston, Mass. 

C. OLIVIA BRICE, Lima, Ohio. 

CLARA P. BIGELOW, Boston, Mass. 

ANNA LOWELL WOODBURY, Washington, D. C. 

HARRIET A. NEIL, Washington, D. C. 

CHARLES J. BELL, Washington, D. C. 

GENERAL GEORGE H. HARRIS, Washington, D. C. 

MARY SHERMAN MILES, Washington, D. C. 

PERCY S. FOSTER, Washington, D. C. 
being personally well known to me to be the persons who made and signed the 
said Certificate, and each one for herself and himself and not one for the other, 
acknowledged the same to have been voluntarily made, signed and acknowl- 
edged by her and him as and for her and his acts and deeds, for the purpose 
therein mentioned. 

Witness my hand, notarial seal, this fourteenth day of September, A. D. 1898. 

HOWARD S. REESIDE, Notary Public, 

District of Columbia. 

We, the undersigned, desiring to form a corporation under the general incor- 
portation laws of the District of Columbia, do make, sign and acknowledge this 
Certificate pursuant to the requirements of said laws, to wit: 

First. The corporate name of said Corporation shall be GEORGE WASHING- 
TON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, and its object shall be to advance and secure 
the establishment in the City of Washington, D. C, of an University for the pur- 
poses, and with the objects substantially, as contemplated and set forth in, and by, 
the last will of George Washington, the first President of the United States of 
America, and to increase the opportunities for the higher education of the youth 
of said United States, and to this end to collect, take and hold moneys, gifts and 
endowments, to take and to hold by purchase, donations or devise real estate, to 
erect and furnish buildings to be used by said University, when legally estab- 
lished, and in advancing the object of this Corporation, to sell, convey, mortgage 
and exchange any real and personal estate which it may hold, and to do any and 
all things which may be lawfully done in carrying out the objects of this Cor- 
poration. 

Second. The terms of the existence of this Corporation shall be perpetual. 
Third. It has no capital stock. 

Fourth. The concerns of said Corporation, for the first year of its existence, 
shall be managed by a Board of Trustees, consisting of: 

ELLEN A. RICHARDSON, MARY L. GOODLOE, 

CORA P. MALLORY, ELLEN E. COFFIN, 

ELIZABETH T. KING, JESSIE K. JORDAN, 

KATE CABEL CLAIBORNE, GRACE HUBBARD BELL. 

MARY SHERMAN MILES, ELIZA F. ROUTT, 

ALICE B. MUNROE. KATE H. WEAD, 

ANNA L. NORTHROP, CLARA P. BIGELOW, 
MARGARET BLAINE SALISBURY, SUSANNA PHELPS GAGE, 

Fifth. The business of said Corporation is to be carried on in the City of 
Washington, D. C, and in such other place and places outside of the District of 
Columbia as its Board of Ttustees shall from time to time appoint. 

In witness wher'eof we have hereunto set our signatures and seal, this four- 
toenth day of September, in the year eighteen hundred ninety-eight. 

ELLEN A. RICHARDSON, Boston, Mass. 

C. OLIVIA BRICE, Lima, Ohio. 

CLARA P. BIGELOW, Boston, Mass. 

ANNA LOWELL WOODBURY, Washington, D. C. 

HARRIET A. NEIL, Washington, D. C. 

CHARLES J. BELL, Washington, D. C. 

GEN. GEO. H. HARRIS, Washington, D. C. 

MARY SHERMAN MIL:&S, Washington, D. C. 

PERCY S. FOSTER, Washington, D. C. 



25 



^^^ 



BY-LAWS. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

Members of the Corporation shall be the original associates, with such as they 
may add at their meeting for organization, and such others as may be elected to 
membership by the Board of Trustees — all of the same are to be styled charter 
members. Only the charter members shall have the right toi vote in the affairs 
of the Corporation; provided, however, that those charter members who fail to pay 
the yearly dues during the year for which the same shall be payable, shall lose 
their said right to vote and thereupon shall be designated as honorary members 
and shall have no right to vote in the Corporation. 

Nominations for charter membership shall be made in writing to the Board of 
Trustees by two charter members, and the nominee shall be elected or not to such 
membership as the Board of Trustees may by ballot determine. This Board shall 
have full power to prescribe rules for the nomination and the qualifications of can- 
didates for charter membership. 

OFFICERS. 

The officers of the Corporation shall consist of a President, seven Vice-Presi- 
dents, a Treasurer, a Recording Secretary, a Corresponding Secretary and six 
Trustees; these Trustees, with the President, Vice-Presidents and the Recording 
and Corresponding Secretary shall constitute the Board of Trustees. All of said 
officers shall be charter members, and shall be chosen by ballot at the annual 
mieeting in each year, and shall hold office for one year and until their successors 
are chosen and qualified. ^ 

• The six members of the Board of Trustees, outside of the members ex-officio, 
shall consist of Mrs. John K. Goodloe, Mrs. 'C. Vincent Coffin, Mrs. David Starr 
Jordan, Mrs. Charles J. Bell, Eliza F. Routt and.Kate H. Wead. 

The President, seven Vice-Presidents and the Treasurer and Secretaries, or a 
majority of them, shall assemble without delay after the first meeting of the Cor- 
poration, and shall by ballot designate two of said six Trustees who shall hold 
oflSce for one year until the next annual meeting, two to hold office for two years 
and two for three years. And at every annual meeting thereafter two persons 
shall be chosen by ballot as Trustees to take the place of those retiring. 

MEETINGS. 

The annual meeting of the corporation shall be held in the city of Washington 
on the LliLwd Wednesday of December in each year at such hour and place as the 
Board of Trustees may appoint. Special meetings of the corporation may be held 
in said Washington on the call of thg Recording Secretary, acting under the direc- 
tion of the President or of the Board of Trustees, or on a call signed by at least 
ten charter members. The notice for all annual meetings shall be published at 
least once a week for three successive weeks in so^me newspaper printed in said 
Washington and a copy of such notice shall be mailed post-paid to the address of 
each member who shall have filed with the Recording Secretary a written request 
to be notified of all meetings of the corporation, and shall have specified in such 
I'equest his or her post office address, with number and street; the first publication 
of such notice as well as the day for mailing the copy of the same shall be at least 
twenty-one days before the day appointed for the meeting. All notices of meet- 
ing shall clearly indicate the business tO' be acted upon. 

Twenty-five charter members shall constitute a quorum. Absent members 
may act by proxy, provided such authority shall have been given within three 
months of the day of meeting. 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 

The Board of Trustees shall have the full control, management and direction 
of the business and the affairs of the corporation, except as may be otherwise pro- 
vided by law or the by-laws. They shall hold at least two semi-annual meetings 
in each year. They shall hold other meetings from time to time on the call of the 
President or three Trustees, provided the call is sent by mail post-paid to each 
member of the Board at least ten days before the day appointed for the meeting, 
and such call shall specify the business to be acted upon. Five members of the 
Board shall constitute a quorum. This Board shall have power to appoint such 
committees, officers and' agents, not otherwise provided for, including a Secretary 
and a Treasurer of their Board, and designate their duties as they may deem 
proper, and they shall fix the compensation of all such appointees, as well as all 
other officers of the corporation. This Board may set by such sub-committees as 
it may deem proper to appoint, and may establish rules for the guidance of the 
other officers, committees and agents of the corporation. 

PRESIDENT. 
The President shall preside at all meetings of the corporation and of the Board 
of Truste'es, or in her absence, the first Vice-President or other Vice-President to 

26 



^Oi.^^ 



be in attendance shall so preside. The President shall have a general care and 
supervision of all the affairs of the corporation and the advancement of its inter- 
ests and shall perform such other duties as pertain to the office. 

TREASURER. 
The Treasurer shall collect and receive all dues, fees, gifts, bequests, moneys 
and property belonging to the corporation, or to which it may be entitled in any 
way, and shall give a bond to such amount and with such sureties as the Board 
of Trustees may direct and approve, to secure the faithful discharge of his or her 
duties. All moneys, drafts, checks and orders when received by the Treasurer shall 
without delay be deposited to the credit of the corporation in some bank or banks 
designated by the Board of Trustees. He shall discharge such other duties as the 
said Board may direct. He shall keep an accurate, full and complete record of 
all moneys received and paid by him as well as all other of his actions, and 
vouchers for all payments, and shall submit his books, accounts and vouchers at 
all times to the examination of the Board of Trustees, or any committee ap- 
pointed by it. 

RECORDING SECRETARY. 

The Recording Secretary shall keep the journal for the Association. She shall 
have charge of and be responsible for such record and for an official list of officers, 
trustees and members of the Association, of all papers on file, etc., and shall give 
notification to members of their election and the amount of annual dutes. She 
shall report at the annual meeting and in the interval shall report on the request 
of the President or the Board of Tl-ustees. She shall have the custody of deeds 
and papers belonging to the corporation as well as its seal, or the same shall be 
kept in the principal office of the corporation. 

CORRESPONDING' SECRETARY. 

The Corresponding Secretary shall conduct the general correspondence of the 
Association, distribute printed matter, etc., at the suggestion of the President or 
Board of Trustees, and discharge such other duties as said Board may appoint. 

AMENDMENTS. 

The By-Laws may be altered, amended, or annulled at any annual meeting or 
at any special meeting called for the purpose, provided notice of the proposed 
change is given in the call for the meeting. 



13EBCT2r> AlnTi OMIf?r!ICNR. 



(Thora a,x-^ otliwi arrorLi ox" less consequence; 
■fcbese are important. ) 

Page ^.5, Miinroe ahDuid bs Monrce. 

Karri K should be Harries. 
Page Z6. (keetings) 2d Ua--;-.- -^ecc.^.. . .i..- 
stead of third, Wednesday. 

(Bortrd of Ttv. i2th ll'ae: — ; 

act. not set. 

Folif<ifi/ixig tiiis oBctiOii, jaa omtted: — "In 
case of the death, resignation, or resaoval 
from office, of any officer of this corpor- 
ation, unless otherv/ise provided, the Board 
of Trustees ahall chor^r'e "=!, siicce-^'^r-r ".?>io 
shall hold office b^ 



List of Charter Members of the George Washington Memorial 
Association, to May 15th, J 899. 



Adams, Col. Henry H., Gre&nwich, Conn. 
Adams, Mrs. Henry H., Greenwich, Conn. 
Adams, Capt. Henry H., Jr., Greenwich, 

Conn. 
Adams, Miss Mabel Bteila,/ Greenwich, 

Conn. 
Adams, Miss Isabel, Chicago, 111. 
Adams, Mrs. Mary Newbury, Dubuque, la. 
Albright, Mrs. J. W., Fort Madison, la. 
Albright, Mrs. Jennie A. A., New York, 

N. Y. 
Albright, Mr. "W. B., New York, N. Y. 
Alden, Mrs. Arthur H., Middleboro, Mass. 
Alexander, Mrs. Eliza Newcomb, New- 
port, R. I. 
Alexander, Mrs. Lawrence, New Canaan, 

Conn. 
Alger, Mrs. Russell A., Washington, D. C. 
Allen, Mrs. Corinne M., Salt Lrake City, 

Utah. 
Allen, Miss Esther, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
Allen, Mr. Ethan, New York, N. Y. 
Allen, Mrs. Ethan, New York, N. Y. 
Allen, Mrs. IJownsend, New York, N. Y. 
Alricks, Mrs. Levi B., Harrisburg, Pa. 
AUyn, Miss Louise Hurlbut, New London, 

Conn. 
Anderson, Mrs. David, Cincinnati, O. 
Anderson, Mrs. Juliet Van Wyck, Tacoma, 

Wash. 
Anderson, Mrs. William Henry, Portland, 

Me. 
Andrews, Mrs. Charles, Syracuse, N. Y. 
Andrews, Mrs. E., Overbrook, Pa. 
Andrews, Ellen M., Roxbury, Mass. 
Andrews, Mrs. George L., Washington, 

D. C. 
Andrew, Mrs. Loring, Cinicinnati, O. 
Anthony, Mrs. Amy Wadsworth, Central 

City, Neb. 
Anthony, Mr. Arthur C, New York, N. Y. 
Anthony, Mrs. Benjamin, New Bedford, 

Mass. 
Anthony, Mrs. Clara R., Boston, Mass. 
Anthony, Mr. Edmund, Fairhaven, Maes. 
Anthony, Mrs. Edmund, Fairhaven, Mass. 
Anthony, Mrs. S. Reed, Boston, Mass. 
Anthony, Miss Susan B., Rochester, N. Y. 
Apperson, Miss Annie D., Sufiol, C'al. 
Apperson, Mr. Randolph, Sufiol, Cal. 
Apsley, Mrs. L. Dewart, Hudson, Mass. 
Armstrong, Judge James, New York, N. Y. 
Arnold, Miss Estelle, New York, N. Y. 
Arnold, Mrs. John H. V., New York, N. T. 
Ashley, Mrs. E. M., Denver, Colo. 
Ashton, Mrs. J. Hubley, Washington, D. C. 
Athena Club, Bayonne, N. J. 
Athenian Club, Rahway, N. J. 
Atkinson, Mrs. George F., Ithaca, N. Y. 
Audenreid, Mrs. Mary C, Washington, 

D. C. 



Axtell, Mrs. Decatur, Richmond, Va. 

Bailey, Mrs. John W., Cincinnati, O. 

Bailey, Mrs. Emily W., Salt Lake City, 
Utah. 

Baker, Mrs. Charles H., Cincinnati, O. 

Baker, Mrs. James H., Boulder, Colo. 

Baldwin, Mrs. Ruth Standish Bowles, 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Bamberger, Mrs. Bertha, Salt Lake City, 
Utah. 

Bancroft, Mrs. Eben D., Hopedal'e, Mass. 

Bancroft, Mrs. Mary I., Salt Lake City, 
Utah. 

Banks, Miss Caroline, Greenwich, Conn. 

Banks, Mrs. Florence H., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Bannister, Mrs. Emma W., Ogden, Utah. 

Bapst, Mrs. Bertha S., Crestline, O. 

Barker, Miss Frank E., New York, N. Y. 

Barksdale, Mrs. F. Dallam, Richmond, Va. 

Barlow, Frances A., Helena, Ark. 

Barnes, Mrs. Albert C, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Barnes, Miss Elizabeth Maria, Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

Barrett, Miss Helen Adams, Greenwich, 
Conn. 

Barrett, Mrs. Nellie Adams, Greenwich, 
Conn. 

Barthold, Mr. Rudolfo G., New York, N. Y. 

Bartholomew, Mrs. G. K., Cincinnati, O. 

Baruch, Mrs. Simon, New York, N. Y. 

Barus, Mrs. Annie Howes, Providence, 
R. I. 

Bassett, Miss Mary Hooper, Fall River, 
Mass. 

Bates, Mr. Ernest, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Bates, Mr. Ralph, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Battelle, Mr. John Gordan, Piqua, O. 

Battelle, Mrs. John Gordon, Piqua, O. 

Battelle, Miss Sarah Frances, Piqua, O. 

Baxter, Mrs. George W., Denver, Colo. 

Baxter, Mrs. Samuel A., Lima, O. 

Beach, Mrs. Lucy E., London, Q. 

Beard, Mrs. Willlami, Memphis, Tenn. 

Beaston, Miss Annie, New York, N. Y. 

Becker, Mr. Conrad, Washington, D. C. 

Beckwlth, Mrs. Samuel Corner, New York, 
N. Y. 

Bedle, Mrs. Joseph D., Jersey City, N. J. 

Beers, Mrs. William, Galveston, Tex. 

Belden, Mrs. Frederick, Norwalk, Conn. 

Belden, Mrs. James Mead, Syracuse, N. Y. 

Bell, Miss Aileen A., Washington, D. C. 

Bell, Mr. Alexander Graham, Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

Bell, Mrs. Alexander Graham, Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

Bell, Mr. Charles J., Washington, D. C. 
N. H. 

Bell, Mrs. Chsurles J., Washington, D. C. 

Bell, Mrs. Charles Walter, Cincinnati, O. 

Bell, Mrs. Henry G., Rutherford, N. J. 



28 



Bellefonte Academy, Bellefonte, Pa. 
Bellows, Mrs. Katherine H., Walpole, 

N. Hamp. 
Belrose, Mrs. Louis, Washing-ton, D. C. 
Bennett, Mrs. Charles Washington, Salt 

Lake City, Utah. 
Bennett, Mr. George P., Rapid City, S. 

Dak. 
Bennett, Mrs. J. A., Nyack, N. Y. 
Bentley, Mrs. Julia Harris, Tacoma, Wash. 
Berg-h, Miss Lillie d'Angelo, New York, 

N. Y. 
Bernheimer, Mrs. Jerome, New York, 

N. Y. 
Bigelow, Mr. George B., Boston, Mass. 
Bigelow, Mrs. George B., Boston, Mass. 
Birdsall, Earnest W., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Black, Mrs. Robert C, Pelham Manor, 

N. Y. 
Black, Mrs. Samuel L., Columbus, O. 
Blalock, Anne, Boston, Mass. 
Blanchard, Prof. Frederic Mason, Chi- 
cago, 111. 
Blanchard, Mrs. George R., New York, 

N. Y. 
Blakenburg, Mrs. Lucretia L., Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 
Blattner, Mrs. Elise J., St. Louis, Mo. 
Blood, Mrs. Samuel Shipley, New York, 

N. Y. 
Blood, Mr. Samuel Shipley, New York, 

N. Y. 
Boal, Mrs. Theodore Davis, Denver, Col. 
Boal, Mrs. Mary B., Denver, Col. 
Boalt, Miss Juliet Elizabeth, Sandusky, O. 
Boardman, Mrs. F. S., Washington, D. C. 
Boas, Mrs. Emil A., New York, N. Y. 
Bogart, Mrs. Stephen A., New York, N. Y. 
Bogart, Mrs. Elias A., Lima, O. 
Boldt, Miss Clover, New York, N. Y. 
Bole, Robert A., Pittsburg, Pa. 
BoUes, Mr. William C, Hartford, Conn. 
BoUes, Mrs. William C, Hartford, Conn. 
Bonetti, Miss C. Barbara, Bradford, Mass. 
Bonner, Edward L., Missoula, Mont. 
Boorman, Mrs. T. H., New York, N. Y. 
Boothby, Mrs. J. W., New Rochelle, N. Y. 
Borden, Mrs. Jerome C, Fall River, Mass. 
Bound, Mrs. George, New York, N. Y. 
Bowler, Mrs. Robert B., Cincinnati, O. 
Boyd, Mrs. Isaac B., Atlanta, Ga. 
Boyd, Eleanor Gilmore, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Boyd, Mrs. J. Y., Harrisburg, Pa. 
Boyd, Jackson Herr, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Boyd, James, Jr., Harrisburg, Pa. 
Boyd, Louisa Yeomans, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Bradley, Mrs. A. J., New York, N. Y. 
Brady, Mr. George W., New York, N. Y. 
Branch, Mrs. J. Kerr, Richmond, Va. 
Breese, Mrs. Josephine Ormsby Yard, 

Trenton, N. J. 
Brewster, Mrs. William CuUen, New York, 

N. Y. 
*Brice, Hon. Calvin Stewart, Lima, O. 
Brice, Mrs. Calvin S., Lima, O. 
Brice, Miss Helen Olivia, Lima, O. 
*dec. 



Brice, Herbert L., Lima, O. 

Brice, John Francis, Lima, O. 

Brice, Mrs. Carolyn Evarts, Lima, O. 

Brice, Miss Margaret, Lima, O. 

Brice, Miss Margaret K., Lima, O. 

Brice, Capt. Stewart Meily, Lima, O. 

Brice, Capt. Walter Kirkpatrick, Lima, O. 

Broomhall, Mrs. A. F., Troy, O. 

Brotherton, Mrs. John F., Lima, O. 

Brown, Mrs. Carrie L., Salt Lake City, 
Utah. 

Brown, Mrs. George Whitfield, Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

Brown, Mrs. Hebberd K., New York, N. Y. 

Brown, J. Wilcox, Baltimore, Md. 

Brown, Mrs. Kate Davis, Elkins, W. Va. 

Brown, Mrs. Samuel Queen, New York, 
N. Y. 

Browning, Mrs. John Hull, New York, 
N. Y. 

Bruback, Mrs. Jessie McClain, Salt Lake 
City, Utah. 

Bruce, Mrs. Albert C, Richmond, Va. 

Bruce, Mrs. Dwight Hall, Syracuse, N. Y. 

Bruce, Mrs. Helen, Louisville, Ky. 

Bruce, Miss Mary L., Speonk, N. Y. 

Brush, Mrs. Charles H., New York, N. Y. 

Bryan, Mrs. Joseph, Laburnum, Va. 

Buchwalter, Mrs. Edward L., Spring- 
field, O. 

Budd, Mrs. William A., New York, N. Y. 

Buell, Mrs. Charles, Rapid City, S. Dak. 

Bullinger, Mr. E. Wilson, New York, N. Y. 

Bullinger, Mrs. E. Wilson, New York, 
N. Y. 

Bunc'e, Mrs. J. H., Middletown, Conn. 

Burden, Miss Evelyn B., New York, N. Y. 

Burden, Mrs. I. Townsend, New York, 
N. Y. 

Burdick, Mrs. Dwight Waite, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Burgess, Clinton Brooks, Baltimore, Md. 

Burke, Col. Clarence E., Cleveland, O. 

Burnett, Dr. Swan M., Washington, D. C. 

Burnhami, Miss Clara Avery, Kansas City, 
Mo. 

Bush, Mrs. Reuben G., New Orleans, La, 

Bushnell, Gov. Asa S., Springfield, O. 

Bushnell, Mrs. Asa S., Springfield, O. 

Butcher, Mrs. Henry C, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Butler, Mrs. Delia Frances, Dighton, Mass. 

Butterick, Emma T., Lowell, Mass. 

Byers, Mrs. W. N., Denver, Colo. 

Byington, Miss Alice, Stockbridge, Mass. 

Byrne, Major John, New York, N. Y. 

Cabell, Mrs. Allston, Richmond, Va. 

Cabell, Mrs. Henry Coalter, Portland, Ore. 

Caesar Rodney Chapt. D. A. R., Clay- 
mont, Del. 

Caine, Mrs. Margaret, Salt Lake City, 
Utah. 

Caine, Miss, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Calder, William J., Jr., Harrisburg, Pa. 

Caldwell, Mr. J. Albert, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Calhoun, Miss Josephine Giles, St. Louis, 
Mo. 

Cameron, Mrs. Angus, Wisconsin. 



29 



Campbell, Mrs, Ellis Lewis, Wayne, Pa. 
Cannon, Mrs. Martha A., Ogden, Utah. 
Carpenter, Mr. Arthur E., Arlington, 

Mass. 
Carpenter, Mrs. Arthur E., Arlington, 

Mass. 
Carpenter, Mrs. Franklin R., Deadwood, 

S. Dak. 
Carre, Mrs. W. W., New Orleans, La. 
Carroll, Mrs. Charles A., Staten Island, 

N. T. 
Carroll, Miss Grace E., Washington, D. C. 
Carroll, Mrs. Howard, New York, N. Y. 
Carroll, Mrs. William S., Washington, 

D. C. 
Carter, Mrs. Cornelia Redington, Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 
Carter, Lucile Polk, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Carter, Miss Mary Elizabeth, Boston, 

Mass. 
Carter, Miss Nellie P., Boston, Mass. 
Carter, Mrs. Thomas Nelson, W. Rich- 
mond, Va. 
Casey, Mrs. Joseph J., New York, N. Y. 
Castleman, Mrs. Alice Breckinridge, 

Louisville, Ky. 
Chapter, Cathtrine Green D. A. R., The, 

Xenia, O. 
Chace, Mrs. Maude Dailey, Providence, 

R. I. 
Chamberlin, Miss Gertrude, Boston, Mass. 
Chamberlin, Mrs. William H., Pittsfield, 

Mass. 
Chamberlain, Mrs. J. K., Raleigh, N. C. 
Chamberlain, Mrs. Lucy Parker, Boston, 

Mass. 
Chapman, Mrs. Mary A., Fitchburg, Mass. 
Cheairs, Mrs. Henry Pointer, Deadwood, 

S. Dak. 
Cheney, Prof. Albert Baker, Boston, Mass. 
Chew, Mrs. Anna McBurney, Xenia, O. 
Choate, Mrs. S. J. Hassett, New York, 

N. Y. 
Church, Mrs. Irving Porter, Ithaca, N. Y. 
Churchill, Mrs. Julia Patterson, Yfeka, 

Cal. 
Churchman, Mrs. Elizabeth Clark, Wil- 
mington, Del. 
Cissell, Mrs. George Washington, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 
Claggett-Shotwell, Mrs. A. R., New York, 

N. Y. 
Claiborne, Hamilton Cabell, Richmond, 

Va. 
Claiborne, Herbert A., Richmond, Va. 
Claiborne, Mrs. Herbert A., Richmond, Va, 
Clark, Albert, California. 
Clark, Austin Wm., Alameda, Cal. 
Clark, Edward, Jr.. California. 
Clark, Jessie, Alameda, Cal. 
Clark, Margaret, Alameda, Cal. 
Clark, Mildred B., Alameda, Cal. 
Clark, Morris R., Alameda, Cal. 
Clark, Mrs. Charles W., Butte, Mont. 
Clarke, Francis B., St. Paul, Minn. 
Clausen, Mrs. George C, New York, N. Y. 



Clews, Miss Elsie, New York, N. Y. 
Clews, Mrs. Henry, New York, N. Y. 
Clover, Mrs. Richardson, Washington, 

D. C. 
Clowes, Mrs. George H., Waterbury, Conn. 
Coad, Mrs. Marion Cambell, Rapid City, 

S. Dak. 
Cobb, Mrs. Calvin, Bois6, Idaho. 
Coffey, Mrs. Titian J., Washington, D. C , 
Coffin, Mrs. Arthur D., Windsor Locks, 

Conn. 
Coffin, Mrs. H. R., Windsor Locks, Conn. 
Coffin, Mrs. Sturgis, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Coffin, Mrs. O. Vincent, Middletown, Conn. 
Cohn, Mrs. Charles, New York, N. Y. 
Col. Haslet Chapt. D. A. R., Dover, Del. 
Colbron, Mrs. William Townsend, New 

York, N. Y. 
Cole, Mrs. Charles C, Washington, D. C. 
Coleman, Mrs. Charles Washington, Wil- 
liamsburg, Va. 
Coles, Mrs. Walter, Lexington, Va. 
Collamore, Miss Betty, New York, N. Y. 
Collamore, Mrs. Gilman, New York, N. Y. 
CoUis, Mrs. Julia Keese, Morristown, N. J. 
Collis, Mrs. Septima, New York, N. Y. 
Comstock, Mrs. Anna Botsford, Ithaca, 

N. Y. 
Connell, Mrs. M. J., Butte, Mont. 
Connor, Miss Helen Houghton, Hot 

Springs, S. Dak. 
Cook, Mrs. W. H., Milford, Mass. 
Coolidge, Mrs. George A., Washington, 

D. C. 
Copeland, Mrs. George W., Middleborough, 

Mass. 
Copelin, Miss Elizabeth G., Washington, 

D. C. 
Corbin, Brig.-Gen. Henry C, New York. 
Cordingly, Miss Harriet M., Auburndale, 

"Mass. 
Corson, Judge DIghton, Pierre, S. Dak. 
Coryell, Mrs. Lucy McBusing, Lebanon, O. 
Courtney, Mrs. William J ., New York, 

N. Y. 
Courtney, Mrs. William, New York, N. Y. 
Cowan, Mrs. Andrew, Louisville, Ky. 
Cowling, Mrs. John Valdon, Louisville, Ky. 
Cozzino, Mrs. Joseph A., New York, N. Y. 
Cl-aigie, Mrs. Charles O. H., Brooklyn, 

N. Y. 
Crane, Mrs. Oliver, Boston, Mass. 
Cravath, Mrs. Paul D., New York, N. Y. 
Craven, Mrs. Thomas, Salem, N. J. 
Crawford, Miss Helen, Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
Crocker, Minerva Cushing, Fitchburg, 

Mass. 
Crowell, Mrs. J. S., Springfield, O. 
Cruse, Miss, Helena, Mont. 
Cummings, Mrs. Annie L., Portland, Me, 
Cunningham, Mr. Edward C, New Brigh- 
ton, N. Y. 
Curtiss, Charles B., Bay City, Mich. 
Curtiss, Charles B., Jr., Bay City, Mich. 



30 



Curtiss, Mrs. Jennie McGraw, Bay City, 
Mich. 

Curtiss, Georgiana McGraw, Bay City, 
Mich. 

Cushman, Major Austin S., New Bedford, 
Mass. 

Cutter, Mrs. Inez Louisa, Boston, Mass. 

Dahlgren, Mrs. Charles Bunker, Trenton, 
N. J. 

Dalley, Miss Charlotte F., Rhode Island. 

Dall, Helen Boyd, Harrisburg, Pa. 

Dana, Mrs. Arnold G., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Dandridge, Miss Lena, Cincinnati, O. 

Dandridge, Dr. N. P., Cincinnati, O. 

Day, Mrs. Albert M., Lake Forest, 111. 

Dayton, Miss Anna L., Trenton, N. J. 

Daniel, Mrs. James R. V., Richmond, Va. 

Daniels, Mrs. John W., Piqua, O. 

Daughters of the Revolution, New York, 
N. Y. 

Davis, Mrs. Elizabeth Armstead, Elkins, 
W. Va. 

Davis, Miss Elizabeth J., Davis, W. Va. 

Dean, Miss Francis A., San Francisco, Cal. 

DeGolyer, Mrs. George H., Cincinnati, O. 

Delaware Federation of Clubs, Wilming- 
ton, Del. 
Denison, Mrs. Charles H., New York, N. Y. 

Depue, Mrs. David, Newark, N. J. 

Dewey, Miss Marietta N., Worcester, 

Mass. 
Dey, Miss Mary Laidlie, New York, N. Y. 
Dexter, Mr. Byron, Danbury, Conn. 
Dickenson, Mrs. Sarah, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Dickerman, Mrs. Watson B., Mamaroneck, 

N. Y. 
Dickinson, Mrs. D. K., Lead City, S. Dak. 
Dickinson, Mr. Edward, O'maha, Neb. 
Dickinson, Mrs. Edward, Omaha, Neb. 
Dike, Mrs. Camden C, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Dinger, Mrs. Charles, Rapid City, S. Dak. 
Dillon, Judge John F., New York, N. Y. 
Dingee, Miss Nellie, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Doane, Mrs. William H., Cincinnati, O. 
Dodd, Mrs. Samuel C. T., New York, N. Y. 
Dole, Ellen Elizabeth, Haverhill, Mass. 
Domdnick, Mrs. George, New York, N. Y. 
Donahue, Mrs. John Vincent, New York, 

N. Y. 
Dooley, Mrs. James H., Richmond, Va. 
Dorman. Mr. Roderick Aitken, New York, 

N. Y. 
Doty, Miss Ada Louise, Yonkers, N. Y. 
Doud, Mrs. Elizabeth R., Chicago, 111. 
Dougherty, Mrs. Andrew, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Dover Century Club, Dover, Del. 
Downey, Mrs. George Mason, Salt Lake 

City, Utah. 
Draper, Mrs. Mary Adams, Portsmouth, O. 
Dreier, Miss Loretta, Fort Wayne, Ind. 
Dring, Miss Carrie A., Fall River, Mass. 
Drumm, Miss S. LeBaron, New York, N. Y. . 
Ducat, Capt. Arthur C, Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
Duke, Mrs. Mary K., Orlando, Fla. 
Dunlop, Mrs. John, Richmond, Va. 



Dunn, Mrs. Elizabeth Lanier, Washington, 

D. C. 
Duryea, Mrs. Samuel Bowne, Brooklyn, 

N. Y. 
Dwight, Theodore F., Kendall Green. Mass. 
Dwinnell, Mrs. B. D., Fltchburg, Mass. 
Earle, Mrs. Alice Morse, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Earle, Mrs. Ferdinand P., New York, N. Y. 
Eavey, Mrs. Mary Galloway, Xenia, O. 
Egan, Miss Emma A., New York, N. Y. 
Egan, Josephine R., Alameda, Cal. 
Eigenmann, Mrs. Carl H., Bloomington, 

Ind. 
Elizabeth Cook Chapt. D. A. R., Smyrna, 

Del. 
Elkins, Miss Katherine Hallie, Elkins, W. 

Va. 
Elkins, Stephen B., Elkins, W. Va. 
Ellery, Miss Mary Goddard, Newport, R. I. 
Ellett, Mrs. Virginia Randolph, Richmond, 

Va. 
Ellis, Mrs. E. John, New Orleans, La. 
Eilyson, Mrs. J. Taylor, Richmond, Va. 
Elmer, Mrs. William T., Middletown, Conn. 
Ely, Frederick G., New York, N. Y. 
Emerson, Mrs. Alice W., Boston, Mass. 
Emerson, Mary A., Boston, Mass. 
Emerson, Pres. Charles Wesley, Boston, 

Mass. 
Emerson, Mrs. Susie Rogers, Boston, Mass. 
Emory, Mrs. Thomas, Syracuse, N. Y. 
Emory, Mrs. William H., Washington, 

D. C. 
English, Mrs. James, New Haven, Conn. 
Failing, Miss Henrietta, Portland, Ore. 
Failing, Miss Mary Forbush, Portland, 

Ore. 
Fairbanks, Mrs. Charles W., Indianapolis, 

Ind. 
Fairbanks, Mrs. Leland, New York, N. Y. 
Farwell, Mrs. Frances C, Lake Forest, 111. 
Fenelon, Mrs. Edward J., New York, N. Y. 
Ferris, Mrs. Alexander M., Newton, Mass. 
Ferris, Mrs. Howard, Cincinnati, O. 
Ffoulke, Mrs. Charles M., Washington, 

D. C. 
Field, Mrs. Albert O., East Orange, N. J. 
Fisher, Col. Charles R., Wilmington, O. 
Fisher, Mrs. May Hanbury, New York, 

N. Y. 
Fisk, Mrs. Henry G., New York, N. Y. 
Fitch, Mr. James E., Washington, D. C. 
Flagler, Mrs. John H., New York, N. Y. 
Flick, Mrs. Daniel W., Rapid City, S. Dak. 
Fleishman, Mrs. Henry, New York, N. Y. 
Foote, Mrs. Laura Redington, Scranton, 

Pa. 
Forest, Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt de. New 

York, N. Y. 
Foster, Mrs. Edward J., New York, N. Y. 
Foster, Mrs. J. Ellen, Washington, D. C. 
Foster, Mrs. James M., Shreveport, La. 
Foulke, Mrs. Eleanor, Quakertown,'pa. 
Fowler, Mrs. Charles, Galveston, Tex. 
Frame, Dr. Adolphus Benjamin, Piqua, O. 
Frank, Mrs. Henry, New York, N. Y. 



51 



Franklin, Mrs. Fabian, Baltimore, Md. 
Franklin, Mrs. Harris, Deadwood, S. Dak. 
Franklin, Mrs. James C, New York, N. Y. 
Frlck, Mr. Jacob, Wooster, O, 
Frick, Mrs. Jacob. Wooster, O. 
Friday Club, The, Hillsboro, O. 
Frye, Mrs. George C, Portland, Me. 
Freeman, Miss Francis J., Lima, O. 
Fremont, Mrs. John C, New Brighton, S. 

I., N. Y. 
Freret, Mrs. F. G., New Orleans, La. 
Fryer, Mr. Georg-e G., Syracuse, N. Y. 
Fuller, Mrs. Thomas, New York, N. Y. 
Gaffney, Mrs. Fanny Brush, New York, 

N. Y. 
Gaffney, Mr. T. St. John, New Y'ork, N. Y. 
Gage, Mrs. E. B., Prescott, Ariz. 
Gage, Prof. Simon Henry, Ithaca, N. Y. 
Gage, Mrs. Susanna Phelps, Ithaca, N. Y. 
Gage, Henry Phelps, Ithaca, N. Y. 
GaNun, Mrs. Stephen M., Greenwich, 

Conn. 
Gamble, Mrs, Robert J., Yankton, S. Dak. 
Gamble, Miss Rose, Louisville, Ky. 
Gargan, Mrs. Henri Lucien, New York, 

N. Y. 
Garrett, Miss Mary S., Philadelphia, Pa. ' 
Garrison, Mrs. William F., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Gartner, Mrs. Julia M., New York, N. Y. 
Gaston, Mrs. A^rie G. Jones, Deadwood, 

S. Dak. 
Gates, Mrs. John, Cincinnati, O. 
Gath, Mrs. Charles W., Hamilton, O. 
George, Mr. Ralph M., Bradford, Pa. 
Gerrish, Dr. Frederick Henry, Portland, 

Me. 
Gerrish, Mrs. Frederick Henry, Portland, 

Me. 
Gerrish, Mrs. Frank Scott, New York, 

N. Y. 
Gibbs, Mrs. John Watson, New York, N. Y. 
Gibson, Mr. William J., New York, N. Y. 
Gibson, Mrs. William J., New York, N. Y. 
Gielow, Mrs. Henry J., New York, N. Y. 
Gilchrist, Mrs. Katherine Probasco, Leba- 
non, O. 
Gilliland, Mr. George E., Ohio. 
Gilliland, Mrs. George E., Ohio. 
Gill-Kirk, Mrs. Nancy, Steubenville, O. 
Gilman, Mr. John S., Boston, Maes. 
Gilmer, Mrs. Mary E., Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
Glover, Mrs. Henry S., Fairfield, Conn. 
Goddard, Mrs. R. H. J., Providence, R. I. 
Goin, Mrs. James D., New York, N. Y. 
Goldsborough, Mrs. Edmund Kennedy, 

Washington, D. C. 
Good, Mrs. Arthur Taylor, Hamilton, O. 
Goodloe, Mrs. Green Clay, Washington, 

D. C. 
Goodloe, Mrs. John K., Louisville, Ky. 
Goodman, Mrs. W. A., Jr., Cincinnati, O. 
Goodrich, Miss Mary J., Stockbridge, 

Maes. 
Gould, Miss Elizabeth Porter, Boston, 

Mass. 



Gould, Dr. George M., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Graham, Mrs. Charles J., Middletown, 
Conn. 

Gray, Mrs. Alfred, Richmond, Va. 

Gray, Mrs. Horace, Washington, D. C. 

Gray, Miss Mary E'., Dorchester, Mass. 

Gray, Mrs. Olin D., New York, N. Y. 

Graydon, Mrs. T. W., Cincinnati, O. 

Green, Lina Harrison, Richmond, Va. 

Grler, Mr. Thomas Johnson, Lead City, 
S. Dak. 

Grler, Mrs. Thomas Johnson, Lead City, 
S. Dak. 

Grier, Mr. Thomas Johnson, Jr., Lead City, 
S. Dak. 

Griff en, Mrs. Charles H., New York, N. Y. 

Groce, Mrs. Thomas J., Galveston, Tex. 

Groesbeck, Mrs. Telford, Cincinnati, O. 

Grossman, Mr. Arpad Sandor, New York, 
N. Y. 

Guernsey, Dr. Eigbert, New York, N. Y. 

Guernsey, Mrs. Egbert, New York, N. Y. 

Guernsey, Miss Florence, New York, N. Y. 

Guilbert, Mrs. Walter Downey, Colum- 
bus, O. 

Gurnsey, Anna J., Montpelier, Vt. 

Haley, Mrs. Albert, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Hall, Mrs. Alfred Lowell, New Orleans, La. 

Hall, Mr. B. Prank, St. Marys, Pa. 

Hall, Mrs. Eliza W., Harrisburg, Pa. 

Hall, Mrs. George W. S., Washington, 
D. C. 

Halley, Mrs. James, Rapid City, S. Dak. 

Halliday, Mrs. Edward W., Washington, 
D. C. 

Hanna, Senator Marcus A., Cleveland, O. 

Hamlin, Miss Sarah D., San Francisco, 
Cal. 

Hamlin's School, Miss, San Francisco, Cal. 

Hamlin's School, Miss, Intermediate De- 
partment, San Francisco, Cal. 

Hamlin, Mrs. Tennis S., Washington, D. C. 

Harkness, Miss Hester, Salt Lake City, 
Utah. 

Harlan, Mrs. John Marshall, Washington, 
D. C. 

Harmon, Mrs. Edward V., St. Louis, Mo. 

Harmon, Mrs. Olive Scoby, Cincinnati, O. 

Harries, Gen. George H., Washington, 
D. C. 

Harrison, Mrs. John W., Richmond, Va. 

Harrison, Mrs. Math'ew Bland, Richmond, 
Va. 

Harrison, Miss Mary Torrence, Cincin- 
nati, O. 

Harrison, Mrs. W. H., Cincinnati, O. 

Hartley, Mrs. Marcellus, New York, N. Y. 

Hartogensis, Dr. A. E., New York, N. Y. 

Haskell, Mrs. Joseph T., Columbus, O. 

Hastings, Miss Elizabeth K., Detroit, 
Mich. 

Hastings, Mrs. Mary L., Detroit, Mich. 

Hastings, Miss Sarah B., Detroit, Mich. 

Hathaway, Mrs. James F., Brighton, Mass. 

Hearst, Mrs. Phebe A., Pleasanton, Cal. 

Heath, Mrs. Fletcher S., Hamilton, O. 



32 



Heller, Mr. William J., Easton, Pa. 
Helmuth, Mrs. William Tod, New York, 

N. T. 
Hemenway, Mrs. Harriett L., Readville, 

Mass. 
Henderson, Mabel, Cambridge, Mass. 
Henry, Miss M. A., Washington, D. C. 
Henry, Mr. Charles Seton, New York, 

N. Y. 
Hernan, John J., Denver, Colo. 
Herr, Mrs. A. J., Harrisburg, Pa. 
Herrmann, Mrs. Esther, New York, N. Y. 
Hess, Mrs. Jacob, New York, N. Y. 
Hicks, Mrs. James E., Piqua, O. 
Hicks, Mrs. John, New Bedford, Mass. 
Hicks, Mrs. Mary Dana, Boston, Mass. 
Higginbotham, Miss May, Philadelphia, 

Pa. 
Hill, Miss Anna Bryant, Baltimore, Md. 
Hill, Mrs. Henry, Minneapolis, Minn. 
Hill, Mrs. Thomas, Baltimore, Md. 
Hilliard, Miss Laura, Cleveland, O. 
Hirsch, Miss Stella, Cincinnati, O. 
Hiscock, Mrs. Frank, Syracuse, N. Y. 
Hilton, Miss Ida L., Nyack, N. Y, 
Hitch, Mrs. Frederick Delano, Newburg- 

on-Hudson, N. Y. 
Hitchcock, Mrs. Thomas, New York, N. Y. 
Hoadley, Mrs. George, New York, N. Y. 
Hobart, Mr. Garret A., Jr., Paterson, N. J. 
Hodder, Mrs. Halie Riley, Winthrop, Mass. 
Hoeke, Mrs. William H., Washington, 

D. C. 
Holbrook, Mrs. E. Everett, Holbrook, 

Mass. 
Holden, Mrs. Kate Davis, Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
Holdridge, Mrs. H. H., Lima, O. 
Holl'enberg, Mrs. Amelia A., Little Rock, 

Ark. 
HoUister, Mrs. Douglas, New York, N. Y. 
Holmes, Mrs. C. R., Cincinnati, O. 
Homan, Mrs. C. D., Boston, Mass. 
Homer Club, The, Butte, Mont. 
Hook, Mrs. Cornelius, Trenton, N. J. 
Hooper, Miss Emma M., New York, N. Y. 
Hooven, Mrs. J. Clinton, Hamilton, O. 
Hopkins, Mrs. Archibald, Washington, 

D. C. 
Hornsby, Mrs. Isham, Washington, D. C 
Horton, Miss Blanche, New York, N. Y. 
Horton, Mrs. H. L., New York, N. Y. 
Horstmann, Mrs. Ferdinand O., Washing- 
ton, D. C. 
Houghton, Dr. Henry C, New York, N. Y. 
House, Mr. Thomas C, Pittsburg, Pa. 
Howell, Fred. S., Hopeland, Cal. 
Howland, Miss Isabel, Sherwood, N. Y. 
Howland, Miss Rachel, Fairhaven, Mass. 
Hosford, Miss Cornelia C. T., Cambridge, 

Mass. 
Hubbard, Mrs. Gardiner G., Washington, 

D. C. 
Huidekoper, Mrs. Frances L., Meadville, 

Pa. 
Hulbert, Mrs, W. P., Cincinnati, U. 



Hume, Mrs. Frank, Washington, D. C. 

Humphrey, Mrs. J. F., Colorado Springs, 
Colo. 

Humphreys, Mrs. Francis M., New York, 
N. Y. 

Humphreys, Dr. Frederick, New York, 
N. Y. 

Humphreys, Mr. Frederick E., New York, 
N. Y. 

Humphreys, Miss Jayta, New York, N. Y. 

Humphreys, Mrs. Wolcott J., Warsaw, 
N. Y. 

Hunt, Mrs. Minnie J., Washington, D. C. 

Hunt, Miss Sarah E., Salem, Mass. 

Huntington, Mrs. J. Henry, New Canaan, 
Conn. 

Huppach, Mrs. Winfleld A., Sandy Hill, 
N. Y. 

Ide, Mrs. Charles E., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Ingerson, Mrs. Harvey, Sioux City, la. 

Irwin, Mrs. Lewis, Cincinnati, O. 

Jackson, Mrs. Caroline Taylor, Cincin- 
nati, O. 

Jackson, Mrs. Mary Chapln, Newtonville, 
Mass. 

Jackson, Miss Nellie McBryde, Salisbury, 
Md. 

James, Mrs. J. L., Norwalk, Conn. 

Janney, Mr. B. I., Washington, D. C. 

Jeffress, Robert Miller, Richmond, Va. 

JefCress, Thomas F., Richmond, Va. 

Jeffress, Mrs. Thomas F., Richmond, Va. 

Jewett, Miss Fidelia, San Francisco, Cal. 

Johnson, Mrs. Mahlon V., Denver, Colo. 

Jones, Calista R., Bradford, Vt. 

Jones, Mrs. Elijah P., Findlay, O. 

Jones, Dr. Henry C, Richmond, Va. 

Jordan, Mrs. David Starr, Stanford Uni- 
versity, Cal. 

Judge, Mrs. John H., New York, N. Y. 

Kanctinch Club, Syracuse, N. Y. 

Karl, Mr. Tom, New York, N. Y. 

Kasson, Hon. John A., Washington, D. C. 

Kauffmann, Mrs. Jessie Kennedy, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

Keel, Miss Ella F., Fort Wayne, Ind. 

Keel, Miss Mary F., Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Keith, Mrs. J. G., Deadwood, S. Dak. 

Kallar, Mrs. Andrew Jackson, Hot Springs, 
S. Dak. 

Kellar, Mrs. J. M., M. D., Hot Springs, 
Ark. 

Kellar, Mr. Philip Rutherford, Hot 
Springs, S. Dak. 

Kellar, Miss Werdua, Hot Springs, S. Dak. 

Kellerman, Mrs. W. A., Columbus, O. 

Kendall, Mrs. Flora Rice Thrift, Toledo, O. 

Kennedy, Miss Joan Miner, Hamilton, O. 

Kenny, Mr. William Howland, Leomin- 
ster, Mass. 

Keyes, Mr. John B., Cincinnati, O. 

Kibbey, Miss Bessie J., Washington, D. C. 

Kidder, Mrs. Annie Wlnslow, M. D., Ja- 
maica Plain, Mass. 

Kidder, Mr. Charles W., Boston, Mass. 

Kilgour, Mrs. John, Cincinnati, O. 



33 



Kimball, M. Elizabeth, Fitchburg, Mass. 
Kimball, Mrs. N. W., Dubuque, Iowa. 
Kincai(J, Dorothea, Alameda, Cal. 
King, Mrs. Annie Lyman, Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
King, Miss Elizabeth T., Baltimore, Md. 
King, Miss Emma C, Xenia, O. 
King, Miss Julia Thompson, Boston, Mass. 
King, Miss Martha, Pittsburg, Pa. 
King, Mrs. Rufus, Cincinnati, O. 
King, Mr. Rufus, Jr., Cincinnati, O. 
King, Mr. Thomas M., Pittsburg, Pa. 
Kingsbury, Mrs. Jane M., Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
Kingsley, Mrs. Edward P., Philadelphia, 

Pa. 
Kingsley, Adj. Gen. Herbert L., Colum- 
■ bus, O. 

Knox, Col. Harry D., Marietta, O. 
Koehler, Mr. R. A., Cincinnati, O. 
Kuhlka, Mrs. S. F. Elmore, New York, 

N. T. 
Kunkel, Elizabeth Crane, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Ladd, Mrs. William F., Galveston, Tex. 
Ladew, Mrs. Edward R., New York, N. Y. 
Ladies' Centennial Book Club, Ottawa, O. 
Ladies' Literary Club, Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
Laidlaw, Mrs. Robert, Cincinnati, O. 
Lake, Miss Mary, San Francisco, Cal. 
Lambert, Mrs. J. Newton, Lebanon, O. 
Lamberton, Mrs. R. A., Harrisburg, Pa. 
Lamprell, Sadie P., Boston, Mass. 
Lander, Mrs. Jean, M. D., Washington, 

D. C. 
Lane, Agnes, Pleasanton, Cal. 
Lane, Mrs. F. A., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 
Lanier, Mr. Sidney, New York, N. Y. 
Largey, Mrs. P. A., Butte, Mont. 
Landstreet, Mrs. May Davis, Davis, W. 

Va. 
Laws, Miss Annie, Cincinnati, O. 
Law, Mr. Charles H., Cincinnati, O. 
Lawrence, Mrs. W. H., Suffleld, Conn. 
Lawrence, Mrs. William T., New York, 

N. Y. 
Layng, Miss Agnes W., New York, N. Y. 
Leavenworth, Mrs. Henry C, Syracuse, 

N. Y. 
LeDuc, Mrs. Janvier, New York, N. Y. 
Lee, Gov. Andrew E., Vermillion, S. Dak. 
Lee, Mrs. Andrew E., Vermillion, S. Dak. 
Lee, Mrs. Arthur, Elkins, W. Va. 
Lee, Miss Jessamine, Vermillion, S. Dak. 
Leiter, Mrs. S. Brainerd, Mansfield, O. 
Leggett, Mr. Henry Theodore, New York, 

N. Y. 
Leidy, Miss Cornelia Carter, Philadelphia, 

Pa. 
Leidy, Mrs. Joseph, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Leidy, Philip Ludwell, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Libby, Mrs. Charles P., Portland, Me. 
Leonard, Arthur H., Middleboro, Mass. 
Leslie, Mrs. Donald T., Buffalo, N. Y. 
Lesser, Mrs. Alice Parker, Boston, Mass. 
Lewis, Mrs. Lunsford L., Richmond, Va. 



Lewis Post, Woman Relief Corps, The, 

Xenia, O. 
Lincoln, Mrs. J. Ledyard, Cincinnati, O. 
Linderberger, Mrs. J. H., Louisville, Ky. 
Lindsley, Mrs. Van Sinderen, Washington, 

D. C. 
Lincoln, Mrs. George B., London, O. 
Linn, Miss Mary Hunter, Bellefont, Pa. 
Llnsly, Mrs. Augustus A., New York, 

N. Y. 
Little, Mrs. Nellie, Salt Lake City, Utah, 
Livermore, Mrs. Mary A., Melrose, Mass. 
Lockwood, Mrs. Ernest, New York, N. Y. 
Logan, Walter S., New York, N. Y. 
Lomax, Mr. Edward Lloyd, Omaha, Neb. 
Lomax, Mrs. Edward Lloyd, Omaha, Neb. 
Loud, Mrs. Caroline S., Syracuse, N. Y. 
Loud, John J., Weymouth, Mass. 
Lowe, Mrs. Arthur H., Fitchburg, Mass, 
Lowe, Miss Catherine Aurelia, Salt Lake 

City, Utah. 
Lowe, Joseph D., Boston, Mass. 
Lowes, Surgeon Gen. Joseph E., M. D., 

Dayton, O. 
Lowes, Mrs. Joseph E., Dayton, O. 
Lucas, Mrs. Joseph D., Goodwood, Kin- 
loch P. O., Mo. 
Luchetti, Mme. S., New York, N. Y. 
Ludlow, Mrs. M. T., New York, N. Y. 
Lyons, Mrs. James, Richmond, Va. 
Macbeth, Mrs. Charles Edgar, Hamilton,©. 
McBlair, Mrs. J. H., Washington, D. C. 
McCaudlish, Mrs. Margaret Lindsay, 

Piedmont, W. Va. 
McCobb, Miss Mary S., Portland, Me. 
McCoon, Mrs. Adelia, New York, N. Y. 
McCullough, Miss Daisy, Oxford, O. 
McDonald, Mrs. Alexander, Cincinnati, O. 
McDonald, Mrs. J. M., New York, N. Y. 
McDonald-Stallo, Miss Helena, Cincin- 
nati, O. 
McDonald-Stallo, Miss Laura, Cincinnati, 

O. 
MoDougal, Mrs. Thomas, Cincinnati, O. 
McGee, Dr. W. J., Washington, D. C. 
McGulre, Mrs. Frederick B., Washington, 

D.C. 
McGuire, Mrs. George Washington, New 

York, N. Y. 
Mclntire, Mrs. Charles J., Cambridge, 

Mass. 
Maclntyre, Blanche Louise, Boston, Mas3. 
Mackay-Smith, Rev. Dr. Alexander, 

Washington, D. C. 
McKeay, Mrs. Nathaniel, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
McKee, Mrs. David R., Washington, D. C. 
McKee, Miss Leila S., Oxford, O. 
Mackey, Mr. Charles W., Franklin, Pa. 
Mackey, Mrs. Charles W., Franklin, Pa. 
McKie, George N., Cambridge, N. Y. 
McKim, Mrs. Randolph H., Washington, 

D.C. 
McKinney, Mrs. Robert C, Hamilton, O. 
McLanahan, Mrs. George W., Washington, 

D. C. 
McLean, Mrs. Donald, New York, N. Y. 



34 



McLean, Mrs. Eugene B., New York, N. Y. 
McMillan, Mr. Emerson, New York, N. Y. 
McMillan, Mrs. Emerson, New York, N. Y. 
McMillan, Mi*s. James, Washington, D. C. 
McNeil, Mrs. John L., Denver, Colo. 
McNeill, Mrs. M. K., Greenville, S. C. 
Macomber, Mrs. Frank CJair, Boston, 

Mass. 
McPherson, Mrs. E. I>ay, New York, N. Y. 
Macy, Mrs. John, Jr., Port Chester, N. Y. 
Maddox, Mr. Samuel, Washington, D. C. 
Magruder, Mrs. J. H., Washington, D. C. 
Mallory, Miss Cora Pynchon, Brooklyn, 

N. Y. 
Mallory, Mrs. Charles, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Mallory, Mr. Clifford D.. Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Mallory, Miss Eunice Clift, Brooklyn, 

N. Y. 
Mallory, Mr. Henry R., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Mallory, Mrs. Henry R., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Mallory, Mr. Philip .R Brooklyn, N. Y. ^, 
Mann, Mrs. Anne L., Lock Haven, Pa. 
Manning, Mrs. Henry Courtney, New 

York, N. Y. 
Marion, Mrs. Carrie, Allston, Mass. 
Martin, Mrs. T. Dwight, New York, N. Y. 
Mason, Mrs. A. Livingston, Newport, R. I. 
Mason, Mr. William, New York, N. Y. 
Mason, Mrs. William, New York, N. Y, 
Masson, Miss Maude, Allston, Mass. 
Mary Wooster Chapter D. A. R., Dan- 
bury, Conn. 
Mathews, Mrs. William B., New Orleans, 

La. 
Mattingly, Mrs. William P., Washington, 

D. C. 
Mauro, Mr. Philip, Washington, D. C. 
Mauro, Mrs. Philip, Washington, D. C. 
Maxwell, Mrs. Lawrence, Jr., Cincinnati.O. 
Maynard, Mrs. George Colton, Washing- 
ton, D. C. 
Mead, Mrs. Julia R., Redington, Pa. 
Mead, Dr. Leonard Charles, Yankton, S. 

Dak. 
Mead, Mrs. Leonard Charles, Yankton, S. 

Dak. 
Meeker, Mrs. Lewis, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Meeker, Miss Helen, Danbury, Conn. 
Meily, Mrs. John H., Lima, O. 
Melicent Porter Chapter D. A. R., The, 

Waterbury, Conn. 
Merriam, Mrs. C. Hart, Washington, D. C. 
Merrill, Mrs. John P., San Francisco, Cal. 
Methebesic Club, Rockland, Me. 
Michael, Mrs. William, Franklin, O. 
Miles, Betty Beirne, Burnside, La. 
Miles, Mrs. Nelson A., Washington, D. C. 
Miller, Miss Grace Maitland, Cincinnati, O. 
Miller, Mr. Herbert Brown, Edgewood, Pa. 
Miller, Mrs. Laura Chace, New York, N. Y. 
Miller, Mrs. Marianna Stansell, Franklin, 

O. 
Miller, Mrs. Samuel Duncan, New York, 

N. Y. 
Millikin, Mrs. Dan, Hamilton, O. 
Mills, Mrs. Charles Lee, Cincinnati, O. 



Mills, Mrs. Alfred G., New York, N. Y. 

Mink, Mrs. Oliver W., New York, N. Y. 

Minor, Mrs. E. C, Richmond, Va. 

Mitchell, Miss, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Mitchell, Mary Calder, Harrisburg, Pa. 

Mitchell, Mrs. Mary Sanborn, Galesburg, 
111. 

Mitchell, Mrs. Stella Redington, Toledo, O. 

Modjeska, Madame Helena, San Francisco, 
Cal. 

Molleson, Mr. Dean Chase, New Yorl 
N. Y. 

Monday Club, Danbury, Conn. 

Monroe, Arthur B., San Francisco, Cal. 

Monroe, Elbert E., San Francisco, Cal. 

Monroe, Mrs. Frank Adair, New Orleans, 
La. 

Montague, Mrs. Virginia Eubank, Saluda, 
Va. 

Moody, Mrs. Gideon C, Deadwood, S. Dak. 

Moore, Mrs. Charles A., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Moore, Mrs. John Godfrey, New York, 
N. Y. 

Moore, Mrs. Thomas, Richmond, Va. 

Moorehead, Mrs. Harry B., Cincinnati, O. 

Morgan, Capt. Charles S., Cherlton Sta- 
tion, Va. 

Morgan, Mrs. Charles S., Cheriton Station, 
Va. 

Morrill, Mrs. Jennie Folsom, Manchester, 
N. H. 

Morrison, Mrs. A. F., San Francisco, Cal. 

Morrison, Mrs. Fannie P., Salt Lake City, 
Utah. 

Morrison, Mrs. Louisa A. Lombard, Bos- 
ton, Moss. 

Morse, Mrs. E. Rollins, Boston, Mass. 

Morton, Mrs. James M., Fall River, Mass. 

Mostert, Mrs. Edward J., New York, N. Y. 

Motley, Thornton Nevins, New York, N. Y, 

Motter, Mrs. Isaac S., Lima, O. 

Moulton, Mrs. William Henry, Portland, 
Me. 

Miinchausen, Baroness Martha Washing- 
ton, New York, N. Y. 

Mui'phy, Caroline Menzies, Cincinnati, O. 

Na'ething, Mrs. Charles Frederick, New 
York, N. Y. 

Nash, Mr. Herbert, Boston, Mass. 

National Council of Jewish Women, Brad- 
ford, Pa. 

Neal, Mrs. James Erskine, Cincinnati, O. 

Neave, Miss Kate, Cincinnati, O. 

Nelden, Mrs. W. A., Salt Lake City, Utah. 

New Century Club, Columbus Grove, O. 

Newcomb, Mrs. Simon, Washington, D. C. 

Newell, Mrs. Phoebe L., Bradford, Pa. 

Newton, Miss Clara Chipman, Cincin- 
nati, O. 
' Niel, Miss Harriet, Washington, D. C 

Niles, Mr. William J., Massachusetts. 

Northrop, Mr. Frank, New York, N. Y. 

Northrop, Mrs. Frank, New York, N. Y. 

Nott, Mrs. Charles C, Washington, D. C. 

Noyes, Miss Dorothy, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Noyes, Miss Mary, Brooklyn, N. Y. 



35 



Noyes, Mrs. John, Butte, Mont. 

Oaks, Miss Marcia, Boston, Mass. 

Odell, Mrs. Joseph Theodore, Louisville, 

Ky. 
Odell, Mr. J. Theodore, New York, N. Y. 
Odell, Mrs. J. Theodore, New York, N. Y. 
Oglesby, Mrs. Charles B., Middletown, O. 
Oliphant, Mrs. Duncan S., Trenton, N. J. 
Oliphant, (Capt. Jonathan,) Chapter D. 

A. R., Trenton, N. J. 
Olney, Charles F., Cleveland, O. 
Oppenheim, Mrs. Ansel, St. Paul, Minn. 
Orr, Gen. and Quartermaster Wm. P., 

Piqua, O. 
Orr, Mrs. William P., Piqua, O. 
Orton, Mrs. Edward, Jr., Columbus, O. 
Osborne, Miss Josephine F., Auburn, N. Y. 
Ostrum, Mrs. Hattie A., New York, N. Y. 
Outheraite, Mrs. Joseph H., ColumbuSi O. 
Oxford Colleg-e for Women, Oxford, O. 
Pace, Mrs. James B., Richmond, Va. 
Page, Mr. Frank, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Pag-e, Mrs. Henry T., Pitchburg, Mass. 
Palmer, Mrs. George G., CartersvIUe, S. C. 
Palmer, Mrs. John E., Portland, Me. 
Parlor Lecture Club, Fresno, Cal. 
Parmenter, Mrs. William L., Buffalo, N. Y. 
Parmly, Mrs. Jahill, New York, N. Y. 
Parsons, Mrs. George M., Columbus, O. 
Patten, Miss Mary Elizabeth, Washington, 

D. C. 
Patterson, Mrs. Agnes Kittridge, Boston, 

Mass. 
Patterson, Mrs. John W., New York, N. Y. 
Patterson, Miss Marie B., Washington, 

D. C. 
Paul, Mr. Charles Wakefield, Jamaica 

Plains Mass. 
Payne, Robert Eugene, D. D. S., New 

York, N. Y. 
Pearson, Caroline, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Pearson, Mary Harris, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Peaslee, John M., Cincinnati, O. 
Peavey, Mrs. A. J., Denver, Colo. 
Peck, Maria Purdy, Davenport, Iowa. 
Peckham, Mrs. Rufus W., Washington, 

D. C. 
Peckham, Mrs. William Smith, New York, 

N. Y. 
Pell-Clark, Mrs. Leslie, Orlando, Fla, 
Pellew, Mrs. Henry E., Washington, D. C. 
Perin, Mrs. Frank L., Cincinnati, O. 
Perkins, Mrs. John Carroll, Portland, Me. 
Perry, Miss Anna J., Melrose, Mass. 
Peters, Mrs. Malcolm, New York, N. Y. 
Pettigrew, Mrs. R. F., S. Dak. 
Pay ton, Mrs. Ida M., Salt Lake City, Utah. 
Phebe Green Ward Chapter D. A. R., 

Westerly, R. I. 
Phelps, Mrs. Mary Austin, MorrisviUe, 

N. Y. 
Phillips, Mrs. D. C, Washington, D. C. 
Phillips, Miss Mary A., New York, N. Y. 
Pierce, Mrs. A. Martin, New Bedford, 

Mass. 
Pierce, Mrs. Frank, Salt Lake City, Utah. 



Pierce, Mrs. James E., Middleboro, Mass. 
Pierce, Mrs. John, Denver, Colo. 
Pierce, Miss Melusina Fay, New York, 

N. Y. 
Pierce, Mrs. Robert S., New York, N. Y. 
PInkus, Mrs. Frederick S., New York, 

N. Y. 
Pinneo, Edith Carol, Boston, Mass. 
Pitcairn, Mrs. Robert, Pittsburg, Pa. 
Place, Mrs. Annette L. Woodworth, New 

York, N. Y. 
Piatt, Mr. Isaac Stephen, New York, N. Y. 
Piatt, Mrs. Isaac S., New York, N. Y. 
Piatt, Miss Jane Wallace, New York, N. Y. 
Piatt, Miss Marion Brskine, New York, 

N. Y. 
Platter, Mrs. Nannie, Wooster, O. 
Poillon, Mrs. J. Oscar, New York, N. Y. 
Pond, Miss Eliza B., Boston, Mass. 
Powers, Mr. Francis Fischer, New York, 

N. Y. 
Powers, Mrs. George W., New York, N. Y. 
Powell, Mrs. Henry A., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Powers, Elsie S., Boston, Mass. 
Powers, Mrs. Walter, New York, N. Y. 
Pratt, Mr. David G., N. Middleboro, Mass. 
Pratt, Mrs. David G., Middleboro, Mass. 
Prettyman, Mrs. Henry H., London, O. 
Prince, Mrs. John Tucker, Boston, Mass. 
Prince, Mrs. Mary C, Santa Fe, N. M. 
Proctor, Senator Redfleld, Proctor, Vt. 
Prudhomme, Mrs. Mary Swan, New York, 

N. Y. 
Pugh, Miss Cynthia, Ottawa, O. 
Pumpelly, Mr. Josiah Collins, New York, 

N. Y. 
Punderford, Mrs. James A., New York, 

N. Y. 
Putnam, Mrs. William A., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Pynchon, Mrs. Frances A., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Quackenbush, Schuyler, New York, N. Y. 
Quinby, Melville, Esq., Liverpool, Eng. 
Racer, Mrs. William Heyl, New York, N.Y. 
Ramblers Club, Middletown, O. 
Ramsey, Mrs. George Douglas, Harrisburg, 

Pa. 
Randall, Hon. Charles S., New Bedford, 

Mass. 
Randolph, Mr. George P., New York, 

N.Y. 
Randolph, Mrs. Norman V., Richmond, "Va. 
Randolph, Mrs. Thomas E. P., New York, 

N. Y. 
Ranney, Henry C, Cleveland, O. 
Rawlins, Mrs. Joseph L., Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
*Raymond, Mrs. Charles H., New York, 

N. Y. 
Reamey, Mrs. L. L. Washington, D. C. 
Reapers Club, The, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
Redfleld, Mrs. Henry S., Ithaca, N. Y. 
Redington, Mrs. Joseph A., Greenwich, 

Conn. 
Reed, Mrs. Henrietta M., Pairhaven and 

Boston, Mass. 
Reed, Judge J. H., Pittsburg, Pa. 
*dec. 



36 



Reed, Mrs. J. H., Pittsburg, Pa. 
Reed, Mrs. J. Sewall, Dorchester, Mass. 
Reed, Mrs. William, Baltimore, Md. 
Reed, Mr. Willis E., Madison, Neb. 
Reed, Mrs. Willis E., Madison, Neb. 
Reid, Mrs. Whitelaw, New York, N. T. 
Remick, Mrs. Mattie Chapman, Oneida, 

N. Y. 
Reynolds, Mrs. Charles F., Denver, Colo. 
Rheinstrom, Miss Ruth, Cincinnati, O. 
Rhodes, Mrs. Robert R., Cleveland, O. 
Rice, Mrs. Americus V., Columbus, O. 
Rice, Miss Mary Metcalf, Columbus, O. 
Rice, Mrs. Mary Pamela, Boston, Mass. 
Richards, Mrs. Emily S., Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
Richardson, Mr. A. Maynard, Winthrop, 

Mass. 
Richardson, Mrs. Ellen A., Winthrop, 

Mass. 
Richardson, Miss Edith, Winthrop, Mass. 
Richardson, Miss Leontine, Winthrop, 

Mass. 
Richardson, Miss Helena M., Winthrop, 

Mass. 
Richardson, Mrs. Charles W., Washington, 

D.C. 
Rider, Mr. W. D., Jr., Cambridge Springs, 

Pa. 
Ridpath, Dr. John Clark, Boston, Mass. 
Rifenberick, Mrs. Richard P., MIddletown, 

O. 
Ristine, Mrs. George W., Chicago, 111. 
Ritchie, Mrs. John, Frederick, Md. 
Ritchie, Mrs. Walter B., Lima, O. 
Ritter, Mrs. Ida Pitt, New York, N. Y. 
Robb, Mrs. Alexander, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Robbins, Miss Anne Manning, Boston, 

Mass. 
Robinson, John Enders, Richmond, Va. 
Robinson, Mrs. Martha A. Stephens, Port- 
land, Me. 
Robinson, Morgan Poltiaux, Richmond, Va. 
Robinson, Mrs. Russell, Wimgino P. O. 

Va. 
Robinson, Mrs. Virginia Morgan, Rich- 
mond, Va. 
Robson, Miss May, Oskawa, Ontario, Can. 
Rockwell, Fred, California. 
Rodda, Mrs. Richard, Deadwood, S. Dak. 
Roebllng, Mrs. Washington A., Trenton 

N.J. 
Rogers, Miss Catherine G., Boston, Mass. 
Rogers, Miss Catherine L., Boston, Mass. 
Rogers, Miss Clara B., Boston, Mass. 
Rogers, Mrs. Henry H., Fairhaven, Mass. 
Rolfe, Dr. William J., Cambridge, Mass. 
Root, Mr. Arthur L., New York, N. Y. 
Rose, Mrs. Wilbur Fisk, Camden, N. J. 
Rose, Mrs. W. G., Cleveland, O. 
Rosecrans, Miss Anna D., Helena, Mont. 
Ross, Miss Helena, Hamilton, O. 
Ross, Mr. Harry S., Worcester, Mass. 
Routt, ex-Gov. John L., Denver, Colo. 
Routt, Mrs. John L., Denver, Colo. 
Routt, Miss Lila Blkin, Denver, Colo. 



Ruder, Mrs. Ernst, Hamilton, O. 
Ruff, Mrs. Laura M., Rock Hill, S. C. 
Ruggles, Mrs. H. Stoddard, Wakefield, 

Mass. 
Russell, Mrs. Charles H., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Rutledge, Mrs. Arthur Mlddleton, Louis- 
ville, Ky. 
Rutter, Mrs. Thomas, New York, N. Y. 
Ryall, Mrs. George, Worster, O. 
Ryan, Miss Mary Cecelia, Elizabeth, N. J. 
Sage, Mrs. Dean, Albany, N. Y. 
Sage, Mrs. Ira Yale, Wallace, Ga. 
Salisbury, Mrs. Orange J., Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
Sarah L. Richard's Altruistic Association, 

The, Hillsboro, O. 
Sargent, Mr. Winthrop, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Savage, Mrs. Richard Henry, New York, 

N. Y. 
Sawyer, Miss Mary Alma, Oxford, O. 
Schenck, Mrs. Adrian, Washington, D. C. 
Schmldlapp, Mrs. Jacob G., Cincinnati, O. 
Schmidt, Mrs. Josephine, New York, N. Y. 
Schneider, Mrs. Charles W., Washington, 

D. C. 
Schneider, Mrs. J. Frederick, New York, 

N. Y. 
Schrader, Mrs. John F., Rapid City, S. 

Dak. 
Schryver, Miss Anna A., Ypsilanti, Mich. 
Schurman, Pres. Jacob Gould, Ithaca, N. Y. 
Schurman, Mrs. Jacob Gould, Ithaca, N. Y. 
Schwartz, Mr. Adolph Anton Charles, 

New York, N. Y. 
Sealy, Miss Ella, Galveston, Tex. 
Sealy, Mrs. George M., Galveston, Tex. 
Seasongood, Mrs. Emma S., Cincinnati, O. 
Seeley, Mrs. Frank B., Kingston, N. Y. 
Selbie, Mrs. William, Deadwood, S. Dak. 
Selden, Mr. C, Baltimore, Md. 
Selfridge, Mrs. O. B., Lima, O. 
Senior, Mrs. Edward, Cincinnati, O. 
Sennlghtly and Aftermath Clubs, Ithaca, 

N. Y. 
Sewall, Mrs. May Wright, Indianapolis 

Ind. 
Seymour, Mrs. Jeannle Billings, New York, 

N. Y. 
Shaffer, Miss Bertha, Oakland, Cal. 
Shakespeare Club, Hot Springs, S. Dak. 
Shattuck, Mrs. L. Brace, Chicago, 111. 
Shaw, Mrs. Sarah Smith, Portland, Me. 
Sheldon, Mrs. Annie Judkins, Cincinnati, O. 
Sheldon, ex-Gov. Charles Henry, Pler- 

pont, S. Dak, 
Sheldon, Mrs. George, Boston, Mass. 
Sheridan, Miss Kathleen Davis, Piedm»nt, 

W. Va. 
Sheridan, Mrs. Philip, Washington, D. C. 
Sherman, Miss Mary L., West Somerville, 

Mass. 
Sherman, Mrs. S. H., San Francisco, Cal. 
Sherrill, Mrs. Benjamin M., Louisville, Ky. 
Shields, Miss Grace H., Richmond, Va. 
Shoemaker, Mrs. Henry F., Riverside, 

Conn. 



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Shove, Mrs. Elizabeth Talbot, Dighton, 

Mass. 
Shrady, Mrs. George F., New York, N. Y. 
Sibley, Mrs. Edwin Henry, Franklin, Pa. 
Sibley, Mrs. Joseph C, Franklin, Pa. 
Siegel, Mrs. Rachel U., Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
Silver, Mr. Albert de, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Silverthorne, William H., Cleveland, O. 
Simrall, Mrs. John G., Louisville, Ky. 
Sinclair, Miss Grace, New York, N. Y. 
Sinclair, Mrs. John J., New York, N. Y. 
Sinclair, Miss Maud, New York, N. Y. 
Sioussat, Mrs. Albert, Baltimore, Md. 
Skene, Mrs. A. U. L., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Slade, Mrs. William Gerry, New York, 

N. Y. 
Slocomb, Mrs. A. D., Groton, Conn. 
Sloss, Mrs. Louis, San Francisco, Cal. 
Smalley, Mrs. Elizabeth A., Corinth, N. Y. 
Smedley, Mrs. William Edward, Salt Lake 

City, Utah. 
Smith, Mrs. Bainbridge, New York, N. Y. 
Smith, Mrs. Catharine Weiler, Salt Lake 

City, Utah. 
Smith, Mrs. Clarence Ednor, Brooklyn, 

N. Y. 
Smith, Mrs. Condit, Washington, D. C. 
Smith, Mrs. Cory Russell, New York, 

N. Y. 
Smith, Mrs. Emily Goodrich, Waterbury, 

Conn. 
Smith, Mrs. George Carroll, Hot Springs, 

S. Dak. 
Smith, Col. George W., New York, N. Y. 
Smith, Mrs. Harris King, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Smith, Lillia E., Boston, Mass. 
Smith, Miss Lucy M., New Orleans, La. 
Smith, Miss Margaret V., Theological 

Seminary P. O.. Va. 
Smith, Mrs. Mary A., Milford, Conn. 
Smith, Mrs. William Russell, New York, 

N. Y. 
Smith, Miss Sara Winthrop, Nantucket, 

Mass. 
Sneath, Mrs. S. B., TifCen, O. 
Snead, Percival C, Chicago, 111. 
Snow, Mrs. Henry Sanger, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Society of Colonial Dames in the State of 

Rhode Island and Providence Planta- 
tions, Newport, R. I. 
Sorg, Miss Ada Gruver, Middletown, O. 
Sorg, Mr. Paul Arthur, Middletown, O. 
Sorg, Mrs. Paul John, Middletown, O. 
Southwick, Prof. Henry Lawrence, Be- 
verly, Mass. 
Southwick, Mrs. Jessie Eldridge, Boston, 

Mass. 
Speed, Mrs. John J., Louisville, Ky. 
Spencer, Mrs. E. Dudleigh, New York, 

N. Y. 
Spencer, Mrs. Sara A., Washington, D. C. 
Spencerian Business College, Washington, 

D. C. 
Sprague, Mrs. Roy E., New York, N. Y. 



Spraker, Mrs. Harriet M., New York, 
N. Y. 

Springfield Chapter D. A. R.,- Spring- 
field, O. 

Squires, Mrs. Andrew, Cleveland, O. 

Stanage, Mrs. William Henry Harrison, 
Cincinnati, O. 

Stanbridge, Charles, San Francisco, Cal. 

Stanton, Mr. Walter, Hillsdale, N. J. 

Stanton, Mrs. Walter, Hillsdale, N. J. 

Steadman, Mrs. Dora Harrison, St. Louis, 
Mo. 

Stearns, Mrs. John G., Brookline, Mass. 

Stebbins, Mrs. John, Cazenovia, N. Y. 

Stein, Mrs. Charles A., New York, N. Y. 

Sternberg, Mrs. George M., Washington, 
D. C. 

Stevens, Mrs. James L., Norwalk, Conn. 

Stevenson, Bertha, Allston, Mass. 

Stewart, Mrs. Charles, Rapid City, S. Dak. 

Stewart, Miss Gabrielle Townsend, Cleve- 
land, O. 

Stewart, Miss Jessie, Louisville, Ky. 

Stewart, Mrs. Gilbert Holland, Colum- 
bus, O. 

Stewart, John D., Louisville, Ky. 

Stewart, Mrs. J. O. Cedarvllle, O. 

Stewart, Mrs. N. Coe, Cleveland, O. 

Stewart, Mrs. Wilbert Walter, Hot 
Springs, S. Dak. 

Stewart, Mrs. William A., New York, N. Y. 

Stickney, Mrs. Charles, New York, N. Y. 

Stillwell, Arthur E., Kansas City, Mo. 

Stoddart, Mrs. John, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Stoiber, Mrs. E. G., Silverton, Colo. 

Stone, Mrs. A. B., New York, N. Y. 

Stone, Miss Eleanor, Cincinnati, O. 

Strater, Mrs. Charles G., Louisville, Ky. 

Strause, Mrs. Charles, Richmond, Va. 

Stryker, Mrs. Samuel S., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Studwell, Mrs. George Stuart, New York, 
N. Y. 

Swander, Mrs. Harry, Rapid City, S. Dak. 

Swayne, Mrs. Helen T., New York, N. Y. 

Swayne, Miss Virginia Washington, New 
York, N. Y. 

Sweat, Mrs. L. D. M., Portland, Me. 

Swift, Miss Elizabeth, New Bedford, 
Mass. 

Swift, Mrs. John F., San Francisco, Cal. 

Swyser, Jacob Louis, Louisville, Ky. 

Sylvester, Mr. J. W., Albany, N. Y. 

Taine Club, Bryan, O. 

Talbott, Mrs. Laura Osborne, Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

Tanner, Mrs. John H., Ithaca, N. Y. 

Tarbell, Miss Ida, Washington, D. C. 

Taylor, Mrs. Henry B., Newark, N. J. 

Temple, Miss Mary Boyce, Knoxville, 
Tenn. 

Terrell, Mrs. Herbert L., New York, N. Y. 

Terry, Mrs. Charles H., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Thatcher, Mrs. Henry L., Middleboro, 
Mass. 

Thatcher, Mrs. M. D.. Pueblo-Hillcrest, 
Colo. 



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Thomas, Mrs. Charles S., Denver, Colo. 
Thomas, Miss Eleanor, New York, N. Y. 
Thomas, Louisa W., Boston, Mass. 
Thomas, Mrs. Samuel, New York, N. Y. 
Thomas, Mrs. W. D., Richmond, Va. 
Thompson, Mrs. Joseph C, Lima, O. 
Thompson, Mrs. Louise H., Milford, Conn. 
Thompson, Mrs. William O., Oxford, O. 
Thome, Miss Emma, Greenwich, Conn. 
Thoron, Master Benjamin Warder, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 
Thoron, Miss Louise, Washington, D. C. , 
Thoron, Mrs. Ward, Washington, D. C. 
Thorndike, Mrs. Edward, Harriman, Tenn. 
Thorne, Mrs. Lavinia, Greenwich, Conn. 
Thrift, Mrs. Angerona Rice, Lima, O. 
Thrift, Miss Julia Mabel Rice, Lima, O. 
Thrift, Robert Wilson, Lima, O. 
Thrift, Mrs. R. W., Jr., Lima, O. 
Thurber, Mrs. Jeannette M., New York, 

N. Y. 
Thurston, Hon. J. M., Omaha, Neb. 
Thurston, Mrs. Katherine Rice Thrift, To- 
ledo, O. 
Thurston, Prof. Robert H., Ithaca, N. T, 
Tibbals, Mrs. Semour, Franklin, O. 
Tiffany, Mrs. Lyman, Washington, D. C. 
Tilt, Mrs. Albert, New York, N. Y. 
Tinker, Mrs. Catharine, Concord, N. H. 
Todd, Mrs. David P., Amherst, Mass. 
Towers, Miss Ethel Cbatham, St. Louis, 

Mo. 
*Townsend, Mr. John Pomeroy,New York, 

N. Y. 
Tows, Mrs. C. A., New York, N. Y. 
Travelers' Club, Danbury, Conn. 
Treat, Mrs. Charles P., New York, N. Y. 
Tripp, Mrs. Jarrett D., Yankton, S. Dak. 
Tritle, Mrs. Fred, Prescott, Ariz. 
Trowbridge, Mrs. Rutherford, New Haven, 

Conn. 
Truesdell, Mrs. Amelia W., San Francisco, 

Cal. 
Trunkey, Mrs. John, Franklin, Pa, 
Tscheppe, Mrs. Adolph B., New York, 

N. Y. 
Tullldge, Mrs. Frank, Cincinnati, O. 
Tucker, Mrs. Henry Bayliss, New York 

N. Y. 
Tucker, Mrs. Isaac Newton, Allston, Mass. 
Tucker, Mrs. R. W., Raleigh, N. C. 
Tucker, Mrs. S. W., Portland, Me. 
Turner, Mrs. Mary M., Washington, D. C. 
Tuttle, Mrs. Edward Austin, New York, 

N. Y. 
Tyler, Mrs. J. Hoge, Richmond, Va. 
Tyson, Mrs. Frederick, Baltimore, Md. 
Upham, Miss Susan, Boston, Mass. 
Ussher, Rt. Rev. Brandeau Boileau, Ded- 

ham, Mass. 
Utah Woman's Press Club, Salt Lake 

City, Utah. 
Valentine, Mrs. Mann S., Richmond, Va. 
Vanderpoel, Miss Mary Van Buren New 

York, N. Y. 

Vaughn, Mrs. Quentin D., Louisville, Ky. 
*dec. 



Vaughn, Richard Harrison, New York, 

N. Y. 
Vicary, Mrs. Georg^e S., Lima, O. 
Vincent, Miss Susan W., Boston, Mass. 
Vining, Miss Floretta, Boston, Mass. 
Vynne, Mrs. B. Mann, De Land, Fla. 
Wadsworth, Mrs. Lue Stuart, Boston, 

Mass. 
Waite, Mrs. Charles, Deadwood, S. Dak. 
Wakefield, Mrs. Mary B., Topsfleld, Mass. 
Walcott, Mrs. Charles D., Washington, 

D. C. 
Wallace, Mrs. Inez C, Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
Wallace, Mrs. R. R., Washington, D. C. 
Wallace, Mr. Rodney, Fitchburg, Mass. 
Walmsley, Mrs. R. M., New Orleans, La. 
Wan-will-a-way Chapter D. A. R., The, 

Hillsboro, O. 
Ward, Miss Eliza T., Washington, D. C. 
Ward, Mrs. Henry Baldwin, Lincoln, Neb. 
Ward, Mrs. Jennie Meeker, Ottawa, Kan. 
Ward, Mrs. John S., Washington, D. C. 
Ware, Mrs. Martha E., St. Louis, Mo. 
Warfleld, Mrs. Harry Ridgeley, Elkins, W. 

Va. 
Warner, Mrs. Porter, Rapid City, S. Dak. 
Washington Heights Chapter D. A. R., 

New York. N. Y. 
Washington, William D. Hedburn, New 

York, N. Y. 
Waterman, Judge A. N., Chicago, 111. 
Waterman, Mrs. A. N., Chicago, 111. 
Watson, Mrs. Madge Wickham, New York, 

N. Y. 
Wayside, The, Ithaca, N. Y. 
Wead, Mrs. Leslie C, Brookllne, Mass. 
Webber, Mrs. Mary E. R., Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
Weatherbee, Mrs. Edward H., New York, 

N. Y. 
Weatherbee, Mrs. H. Gardner, New York, 

N. Y. 
Wednesday Club, Morrisville, N. Y. 
Weed, Mrs. Samuel Richards, Norwalk, 

Conn. 
Weeks, Mrs. Andrew G., Boston, Mass. 
Weis, Mrs. Joseph B., Franklin, O. 
Wells, Mrs. Emellne B., Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
Wells, Mrs. Henry, Washington, D. C. 
Wells, Mrs. Florence A., Cincinnati, O. 
Welsh, Mrs. William J., Franklin, Pa. 
Werth, Mrs. James R., Richmond, Va. 
Wessells, Mrs. Julia A., Omaha, Neb. 
West, Mrs. Charles D. A., Somervllle, 

Mass. 
Western College and Seminary, The, Ox- 
ford, O. 
Westinghouse, Mrs. George , Washington, 

D. C. 
Wethey, Mrs. A. H., Butte, Mont. 
Weyman, Mrs. Martha L., Fitchburg, 

Mass. 
Whaley, Mrs. Stella G., New York, N. Y. 
Wheeler, Prof. Benjamin Ide, Ithaca, N. Y. 



39 



Whelen, Mrs. Alfred, Philadelphia, Pa. 
White, Mrs. E. M., Framingham, Mass. 
White, Miss Helen, Cincinnati, O. 
White, Mrs. J. M., Butte, Mont. 
White, Mrs. M. Morris, Cincinnati, O. 
White, Mrs. Stephen Van Culen, Brook- 
lyn, N. T. 
White, Miss Susan, Cincinnati, O. 
White, Mrs. William H., Norfolk, Va. 
Whitehead, Anna Lent, Stoughton, Mass. 
Whiteside, Mrs. H. R., Louisville, Ky. 
Whitman, Mrs. B. L., Washington, D. C. 
Whitmore, Hazel, San Jose, Cal. 
Whitmore, Mary, San Jose, Cal. 
Whittaker, Mrs. James T., Cincinnati, O. 
Whittle, Miss Mary Coles, Chatham, Va. 
Wickes, Thomas H., Chicago, 111. 
Wiggans, Mrs. Frank, Los Angeles, Cal. 
Wight, Mr. Charles Stone, Baltimore, Md. 
Wight, Mrs. Charles Stone, Baltimore, Md. 
Willard, Miss Belle Wyatt, Fairfax, Va. 
Willard, Mr. Joseph E., Fairfax, Va. 
Willard, Mrs. Joseph, Fairfax, Va. 
Willard, Mary Elizabeth, Fairfax, Va. 
William Ellery Chapter D. A. R., New 

port and Jamestown, R. I. 
Williams, Miss E. Marion, Newton, Mass. 
Williams, Mrs. E. V., Richmond, Va. 
Williams, Mrs. Edythe Wynn, Plymouth. 

Pa. 
Williams, Mrs. Fielding Lewis, Bristol 

R. I. 
Williams, Mrs. Kate Sharp, Salt Lake 

City, Utah. 
Willis, Mrs. William H., Galveston, Tex. 
Wilmington Century Club, Wilmington 

Del. 



Wilson, Mrs. Matilda Chase, La Porte, 

Ind. 
Wilson, Mrs. Obed J., Cincinnati, O. 
Wilson, Mrs. Samuel Kirkbride, Trenton, 

N. J. 
Wing, Col. Charles B., Cincinnati, O. 
Wing, Mrs. Charles B., Cincinnati, O. 
Winthrop, Mrs. William W., Washington, 

D. C. 
Wltherell, Mrs. Nathaniel, Greenwich, 

Conn. 
Woman's Club, Rome, Ga. 
Woman's Club, Butte, Mont. 
Woman's Club, The, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
Woman's Literary Union, Portland, Me. 
Woman's Literary Club, Bradford, Pa. 
Wood, Mrs. Irving, Boston, Mass. 
Woodbury, Mrs. Anna Lowell, Washing- 
ton, D. C. 
Woodhull, Miss Ellen M. E., Washington, 

D. C. 
Woodward, Mrs. S. W., Washington, D. C. 
Wright, Mrs. J. Hood, New York, N. T. 
Wyatt, Mrs. Charles Russell, Huntington, 

W. Va. 
Wyeth, Sarah Carson, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Wygant, Mrs. Hellene M. S., Salt Lake 

City, Utah. 
Xavier Chapter D. A. R., Rome, Ga. 
Yardley, Mrs. Charles B., East Orang'e, 

N. J. 
Young, Mrs. John Russell, Washington, 

D. C. 
Zebley, Mrs. John T., New York, N. Y. 



TOO LATE FOR CLASSIFICATION. 

Mrs. M. B. Murrell, Denver, Colorado. 
Joseph L. Cunningham, New Jersey. 
Mrs. W. C. Whittemore, Washington, D. C. 
Mrs. Jno. V. Thayer, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Miss Mary F. de Velasco, New York, N. Y. 

Please note, the limit of Charter Membership terminates Dec. 14, '99. 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

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